http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/5304086.stm


Lockheed to build Nasa 'Moonship'
Artist impression of Orion on the way to the ISS (Nasa)
Orion will make its first flight no later than 2014
The Lockheed Martin Corporation will build the next US spaceship to
take humans to the Moon.

Nasa has awarded a multi-billion-dollar contract to the group to
develop the Orion vehicle, which will replace the space shuttle when it
retires in 2010.

The agency is dropping the shuttle's winged, reusable design and is
going back to the capsule-style ships that first carried Americans into
orbit.

Lockheed Martin beat a joint bid from Northrop Grumman and Boeing.

The US space agency wants to fly the Orion vehicles no later than 2014.
Initially, they will go to the International Space Station, but Nasa
plans to send one to the Moon in 2020.

The capsules will launch atop one-time-use, "single stick" rockets,
called Ares, that Nasa is developing.

Click to see plans for Moon travel

Two versions are on the drawing board: one to lift Orion and its
up-to-six astronauts, the other to loft a service module and other
equipment that would be needed to support a mission to the lunar
surface.

The idea is that the components would be joined together in Earth orbit
before being despatched to the Moon.

Artist impression of Ares launcher (Nasa)
Orion will ride atop a single five-segment solid rocket booster

Although reminiscent of the Apollo design, the 16.5ft-wide, 25-tonne
Orion spacecraft will incorporate the latest advances in technology in
computers, electronics, life support, propulsion and heat protection
systems.

Nasa wants the new spacecraft to be a versatile workhorse.

"Our intent is to keep the destination focusing the design but we are
not excluding the possibility of using Orion for other things, such as
de-orbiting the Hubble Space Telescope in the 2020s or making a trek to
an asteroid," said Jeff Hanley, who manages the agency's Constellation
Program.

The Lockheed Martin Corporation is the US's largest defence contractor.
It also builds commercial and military satellites, and the Atlas series
of rockets.

Artist impression of Orion at the Moon (Nasa)
A Moon mission is planned for 2020
Its Orion team includes booster-rocket maker Orbital Sciences,
Honeywell, United Space Alliance and Hamilton Sundstrand, which makes
space suits, life support and power management systems.

The Nasa contract in its initial phase is worth $3.9bn. This covers the
design, development, testing and evaluation of the new spacecraft.
Further options could be worth up $3.5bn to Lockheed.

US space policy has shifted in the wake of the 2003 shuttle disaster.
President George W Bush has called for a new vision that will take
humans beyond low-Earth orbit and the International Space Station, to
aim to go back to the Moon and on to Mars.

Russia and Europe, too, are looking to develop a new human
space-transportation system.

They are currently engaged in a joint feasibility study that could
eventually lead to a rocket and capsule programme that evolves the best
aspects of their Soyuz and Ariane technologies.

Nasa has earmarked next Wednesday for the launch of the Atlantis
shuttle to International Space Station. The mission has been on hold
this past week because of stormy weather in Florida, the site of Nasa's
Kennedy spaceport.