THE CONSTANT SPEED OF LIGHT.

If we look at the electromagnetic spectrum which shows the frequency of
electromagnetic waves (such as x-rays, visible light, micro-waves,
television waves, fm waves and long radio waves etc.) versus their
wavelength, we notice a direct relationship between the two.

If we multiply any given frequency with its corresponding wavelength, we get
the speed of light c, providing the electromagnetic wave travels through a
vacuum. That is to say, the speed at which all electromagnetic waves travel
through a vacuum is constant (c), and is the product of their frequency and
wavelength.

If we accept the fact that electromagnetic waves consists of photons that
follow a helical trajectory, it is easy to understand why this should be so.
Because the frequency of a helical photon wave is the number of times each
photon completes one helical spiral per second, during which time it travels
the same number of wavelengths.

It also explains the duality of light, since the photons don't need a medium
to travel through to form a wave, and are in fact slowed down if they are
made to travel through a medium other than a vacuum.

Why the product of the frequency and the wavelength of a magnetic wave is
constant over its spectrum is like asking why the ratio between the
circumference and the diameter of a circle is 3.14 (pi). We just know that
if you multiply the diameter of a circle by (pi), you will get the length of
its circumference.

Similarly, if you multiply the frequency of an electromagnetic wave by its
wavelength you will get the constant speed (c) at which all magnetic waves
travel through a vacuum. In other words like (pi), c is one of the
constants of physics.

A relativistic photon follows a helical path because it spins around its own
axis as it travels along. In addition, its spin axis precesses or wobbles
as it travels along in tune with its frequency. Since the speed of light is
constant at c, the sideways gyroscopic force generated and exerted by each
spinning photon on itself causes it to follow a helical path, because it
would have to travel faster than c to break away. That is to say, a photon
can't cross the light barrier.

As to the relationship between a spinning helical wave particle (other than
a photon) that travels at close to the speed of light (such as an electron
or proton) and its kinetic energy, see the first of my Selected Papers
titled: Helical Particle Waves, at: http://www2.rideau.net/gaasbeek

By: Len Gaasenbeek.
Feb. 17, 2006.

Len Gaasenbeek wrote:
THE CONSTANT SPEED OF LIGHT.

If we look at the electromagnetic spectrum which shows the frequency of
electromagnetic waves (such as x-rays, visible light, micro-waves,
television waves, fm waves and long radio waves etc.) versus their
wavelength, we notice a direct relationship between the two.

If we multiply any given frequency with its corresponding wavelength, we get
the speed of light c, providing the electromagnetic wave travels through a
vacuum. That is to say, the speed at which all electromagnetic waves travel
through a vacuum is constant (c), and is the product of their frequency and
wavelength.

If we accept the fact that electromagnetic waves consists of photons that
follow a helical trajectory, it is easy to understand why this should be so.
Because the frequency of a helical photon wave is the number of times each
photon completes one helical spiral per second, during which time it travels
the same number of wavelengths.

It also explains the duality of light, since the photons don't need a medium
to travel through to form a wave, and are in fact slowed down if they are
made to travel through a medium other than a vacuum.

Why the product of the frequency and the wavelength of a magnetic wave is
constant over its spectrum is like asking why the ratio between the
circumference and the diameter of a circle is 3.14 (pi). We just know that
if you multiply the diameter of a circle by (pi), you will get the length of
its circumference.

Similarly, if you multiply the frequency of an electromagnetic wave by its
wavelength you will get the constant speed (c) at which all magnetic waves
travel through a vacuum. In other words like (pi), c is one of the
constants of physics.

A relativistic photon follows a helical path because it spins around its own
axis as it travels along. In addition, its spin axis precesses or wobbles
as it travels along in tune with its frequency. Since the speed of light is
constant at c, the sideways gyroscopic force generated and exerted by each
spinning photon on itself causes it to follow a helical path, because it
would have to travel faster than c to break away. That is to say, a photon
can't cross the light barrier.

As to the relationship between a spinning helical wave particle (other than
a photon) that travels at close to the speed of light (such as an electron
or proton) and its kinetic energy, see the first of my Selected Papers
titled: Helical Particle Waves, at: http://www2.rideau.net/gaasbeek

By: Len Gaasenbeek.
Feb. 17, 2006.

Does your paper explain how that corkscrewing critter
illuminates all four of these:
http://www.eso.org/projects/vlti/ima...-smallsize.jpg
http://www.eso.org/projects/vlti/
....so it can add constructivly or destructivly after passing
the four delay lines ?

Sue...
http://web.mit.edu/8.02t/www/802TEAL3D/teal_tour.htm

.................................................. ......................
Does your paper explain how that corkscrewing critter
illuminates all four of these:
http://www.eso.org/projects/vlti/ima...-smallsize.jpg
http://www.eso.org/projects/vlti/
...so it can add constructivly or destructivly after passing
the four delay lines ?

Sue...
http://web.mit.edu/8.02t/www/802TEAL3D/teal_tour.htm
.................................................. ............
To Sue,

In essence what you are saying is, that the since the workable size of an
optical telescope is limited and consequently can only project the image of
an observed star on a screen of limited quality.

To improve the sharpness and detail of the projected image of a distant star
astronomers hit on the idea of using several telescopes and have each
telescope project the image of the observed star on the same spot on the
screen. The resulting improved image is comparable to what one telescope of
the same light gathering capacity as the 4 separate telescopes, would
produce.

The added complication is that the projected images of the four telescopes
have to reach the screen in phase with each other for them to add up
successfully. (Similar to the two split experiment) To this end the
distance traveled by the light from each telescope to the screen must be the
same for the images to arrive in phase. This way the images will add to,
rather than subtract from, each other.

This latest development has not come about as a result of a better
understanding exactly what a light beam consists off. It is simply a
practical solution to an old problem.

However the helical photon wave concept does provide for a better
understanding what happens when similar light beams are in or out of phase
with each other.

Enjoy, Len.
.................................................. .............

"Len Gaasenbeek" wrote in message
...

.................................................. .....................
Does your paper explain how that corkscrewing critter
illuminates all four of these:
http://www.eso.org/projects/vlti/ima...-smallsize.jpg
http://www.eso.org/projects/vlti/
...so it can add constructivly or destructivly after passing
the four delay lines ?

Sue...
http://web.mit.edu/8.02t/www/802TEAL3D/teal_tour.htm
.................................................. ...........
To Sue,

In essence what you are saying is, that the workable size of an
optical telescope is limited and consequently can only project the image
of
an observed star on a screen of limited quality.

To improve the sharpness and detail of the projected image of a distant
star
astronomers hit on the idea of using several telescopes and have each
telescope project the image of the observed star on the same spot on the
screen. The resulting improved image is comparable to what one telescope
of
the same light gathering capacity as the 4 separate telescopes, would
produce.

The added complication is that the projected images of the four telescopes
have to reach the screen in phase with each other for them to add up
successfully. (Similar to the two split experiment) To this end the
distance traveled by the light from each telescope to the screen must be
the
same for the images to arrive in phase. This way the images will add to,
rather than subtract from, each other.

This latest development has not come about as a result of a better
understanding exactly what a light beam consists off. It is simply a
practical solution to an old problem.

However the helical photon wave concept does provide for a better
understanding what happens when similar light beams are in or out of phase
with each other.

Enjoy, Len.
.................................................. ............

Len Gaasenbeek wrote:
.................................................. .....................
Does your paper explain how that corkscrewing critter
illuminates all four of these:
http://www.eso.org/projects/vlti/ima...-smallsize.jpg
http://www.eso.org/projects/vlti/
...so it can add constructivly or destructivly after passing
the four delay lines ?

Sue...
http://web.mit.edu/8.02t/www/802TEAL3D/teal_tour.htm
.................................................. ...........
To Sue,

In essence what you are saying is, that the since the workable size of an
optical telescope is limited and consequently can only project the image of
an observed star on a screen of limited quality.

To improve the sharpness and detail of the projected image of a distant star
astronomers hit on the idea of using several telescopes and have each
telescope project the image of the observed star on the same spot on the
screen. The resulting improved image is comparable to what one telescope of
the same light gathering capacity as the 4 separate telescopes, would
produce.

The added complication is that the projected images of the four telescopes
have to reach the screen in phase with each other for them to add up
successfully. (Similar to the two split experiment) To this end the
distance traveled by the light from each telescope to the screen must be the
same for the images to arrive in phase. This way the images will add to,
rather than subtract from, each other.

This latest development has not come about as a result of a better
understanding exactly what a light beam consists off. It is simply a
practical solution to an old problem.

However the helical photon wave concept does provide for a better
understanding what happens when similar light beams are in or out of phase
with each other.

Then you have some inclusion of Feynman's path integral ?
http://www.physics.yorku.ca/undergra...ch/Feynm4.html

Sue...


Enjoy, Len.
.................................................. ............

$$ ^.
$$ Error-bars "in vacu".
Go VERiFY ..ALL THiS, with Tommy [Between his ERROR-bars] Roberts.
CLEARLY, it all HiNGEs on his "ERROR-bars" ..for VACuUM.

CLOSE: Brian A M Stuckless, over, over, over & OUT.
$$ ^.
GUESS (RESTmass)*c^4=(iNTRiNSiC energy e)*c^2=(mol part)*K*Volt*meter.
$$ My GUESS iSS STANDARD
$$ The STANDARD set.
$$ /\
$$ __ _\/_ __
$$ \_\/_/\_\/_/
$$ /\_\/_/\ ("`-/")_.-'"``-._
$$ _\/_/\_\/_ \. . `; -._ )-;-, `)
$$ /_/\_\/_/\_\ \ / (v_,) _ )`-.\ ``-'
$$ /\ - O - _ .- _..-_/ / ((.'
$$ \/ / \ ((,.-' ((,/ By: Toe.!
$$ By deeds ye know them.!!
BEHOLD, IAM THAT IAM hath circumcised the FORESKiNs of your hearts.!!
$$ :-.,_,.-:*'``'*:-.,_,.-:*'``'*:-.,_,.-:*'``'*:-.,_,.-:*'`
$$ ____ _ _ _ _
$$ | _ \ | | ___ _ __ | | __ | | | |
$$ | |_) | | | / _ \ | '_ \ | |/ / | | | |
$$ My _ENORMOUS_ | __/ | | | (_) | | | | | | _ |_| |_|
$$ |_| |_| \___/ |_| |_| |_|\_\ (_) (_) (_)
$$
$$ :*'``'*:-.,_,.-:*'``'*:-.,_,.-:*'``'*:-.,_,.-:*'``'*:-.,_
BEHOLD, IAM THAT IAM WHOLLY WHOLLY WHOLLY He ..and NO MORE is MORE.!!

Len Gaasenbeek wrote: THE CONSTANT SPEED OF LIGHT. -=-snip-=-
If we multiply any given frequency with its corresponding wavelength,
we get the speed of light c, providing the electromagnetic wave
travels through a vacuum. -=-
It also explains the duality of light, since the photons don't need
a medium to travel through to form a wave, and are in fact slowed
down if they are made to travel through a medium other than a vacuum.

Why the product of the frequency and the wavelength of a magnetic
wave is constant over its spectrum is like asking why the ratio
between the circumference and the diameter of a circle is 3.14 (pi).
We just know that if you multiply the diameter of a circle by (pi),
you will get the length of its circumference.
-=-snip-=-
Similarly, if you multiply the frequency of an electromagnetic wave
by its wavelength you will get the constant speed (c) at which all
magnetic waves travel through a vacuum. In other words like (pi),
c is one of the constants of physics. -=-
Helical Particle Waves, at: http://www2.rideau.net/gaasbeek
By: Len Gaasenbeek. Feb. 17, 2006.
The Constant Speed of Light.
Error-bars "in vacu".

"Sue..." wrote in message
ups.com...

Len Gaasenbeek wrote:
.................................................. .....................
Does your paper explain how that corkscrewing critter
illuminates all four of these:
http://www.eso.org/projects/vlti/ima...-smallsize.jpg
http://www.eso.org/projects/vlti/
...so it can add constructivly or destructivly after passing
the four delay lines ?

Sue...
http://web.mit.edu/8.02t/www/802TEAL3D/teal_tour.htm
.................................................. ...........
To Sue,

In essence what you are saying is, that the since the workable size of
an
optical telescope is limited and consequently can only project the image
of
an observed star on a screen of limited quality.

To improve the sharpness and detail of the projected image of a distant
star
astronomers hit on the idea of using several telescopes and have each
telescope project the image of the observed star on the same spot on the
screen. The resulting improved image is comparable to what one
telescope of
the same light gathering capacity as the 4 separate telescopes, would
produce.

The added complication is that the projected images of the four
telescopes
have to reach the screen in phase with each other for them to add up
successfully. (Similar to the two split experiment) To this end the
distance traveled by the light from each telescope to the screen must be
the
same for the images to arrive in phase. This way the images will add
to,
rather than subtract from, each other.

This latest development has not come about as a result of a better
understanding exactly what a light beam consists off. It is simply a
practical solution to an old problem.

However the helical photon wave concept does provide for a better
understanding what happens when similar light beams are in or out of
phase
with each other.

Then you have some inclusion of Feynman's path integral ?
http://www.physics.yorku.ca/undergra...ch/Feynm4.html

Sue...
.................................................. ...............
To Sue,

First of all, I am not an admirer of Feynman since he was the worst
(academic) offender in turning the science of particle physics into a
religious magic show and himself into its prophet.

Secondly, I think that your above quotation by Feynman confuses the issue
rather than add to our understanding of the use of multiple telescopes.

Basically what I was saying in my previous posting was that, if you were
giving a slide show in a large hall and wanted to brighten the projected
image of the slide projector, you could use a second slide projector on top
of your existing projector to project a copy of the same slide on the
screen, making the projected image twice as bright.

However for this to work, the second projector would have to be the same
distance away from the screen as the first projector. It would have to be
pointed at exactly the same spot on the screen and the second projected
image would have to be of the same size as the first image. In so doing the
two projected images should also be in phase and strengthen rather than
detract from each other.

In today's computer world the television image of the star produced by each
telescope can be digitally added to the television images generated by any
number of other telescopes. This way, the image of the star produced by
each telescope can be computer manipulated to make them a near perfect
match, before they are digitally added together to form the resultant image.

Len.
.................................................. .......


Enjoy, Len.
.................................................. ............

Len Gaasenbeek wrote:
"Sue..." wrote in message
ups.com...

Len Gaasenbeek wrote:
.................................................. .....................
Does your paper explain how that corkscrewing critter
illuminates all four of these:
http://www.eso.org/projects/vlti/ima...-smallsize.jpg
http://www.eso.org/projects/vlti/
...so it can add constructivly or destructivly after passing
the four delay lines ?

Sue...
http://web.mit.edu/8.02t/www/802TEAL3D/teal_tour.htm
.................................................. ...........
To Sue,

In essence what you are saying is, that the since the workable size of
an
optical telescope is limited and consequently can only project the image
of
an observed star on a screen of limited quality.

To improve the sharpness and detail of the projected image of a distant
star
astronomers hit on the idea of using several telescopes and have each
telescope project the image of the observed star on the same spot on the
screen. The resulting improved image is comparable to what one
telescope of
the same light gathering capacity as the 4 separate telescopes, would
produce.

The added complication is that the projected images of the four
telescopes
have to reach the screen in phase with each other for them to add up
successfully. (Similar to the two split experiment) To this end the
distance traveled by the light from each telescope to the screen must be
the
same for the images to arrive in phase. This way the images will add
to,
rather than subtract from, each other.

This latest development has not come about as a result of a better
understanding exactly what a light beam consists off. It is simply a
practical solution to an old problem.

However the helical photon wave concept does provide for a better
understanding what happens when similar light beams are in or out of
phase
with each other.

Then you have some inclusion of Feynman's path integral ?
http://www.physics.yorku.ca/undergra...ch/Feynm4.html

Sue...
.................................................. ..............
To Sue,

First of all, I am not an admirer of Feynman since he was the worst
(academic) offender in turning the science of particle physics into a
religious magic show and himself into its prophet.

Secondly, I think that your above quotation by Feynman confuses the issue
rather than add to our understanding of the use of multiple telescopes.

Basically what I was saying in my previous posting was that, if you were
giving a slide show in a large hall and wanted to brighten the projected
image of the slide projector, you could use a second slide projector on top
of your existing projector to project a copy of the same slide on the
screen, making the projected image twice as bright.

However for this to work, the second projector would have to be the same
distance away from the screen as the first projector. It would have to be
pointed at exactly the same spot on the screen and the second projected
image would have to be of the same size as the first image. In so doing the
two projected images should also be in phase and strengthen rather than
detract from each other.

In today's computer world the television image of the star produced by each
telescope can be digitally added to the television images generated by any
number of other telescopes. This way, the image of the star produced by
each telescope can be computer manipulated to make them a near perfect
match, before they are digitally added together to form the resultant image.

Len.

Suppose I want to take the emission of a single star-atom
(photon?) and subtract two of the mirrors from the other two
to get a complete null ? The light from one projector will not
destructivly interfer with the light from another as you have
described the overlay of images. The VLTI however permits
both constructive and destructive interference.

Does your theory account for the destructive interferrance that
is observed at VLTI Paranal ?

Sue...

.................................................. ......


Enjoy, Len.
.................................................. ............

Len Gaasenbeek wrote:
"Sue..." wrote in message
ups.com...

Len Gaasenbeek wrote:
.................................................. .....................
Does your paper explain how that corkscrewing critter
illuminates all four of these:
http://www.eso.org/projects/vlti/ima...-smallsize.jpg
http://www.eso.org/projects/vlti/
...so it can add constructivly or destructivly after passing
the four delay lines ?

Sue...
http://web.mit.edu/8.02t/www/802TEAL3D/teal_tour.htm
.................................................. ...........
To Sue,

In essence what you are saying is, that the since the workable size of
an
optical telescope is limited and consequently can only project the image
of
an observed star on a screen of limited quality.

To improve the sharpness and detail of the projected image of a distant
star
astronomers hit on the idea of using several telescopes and have each
telescope project the image of the observed star on the same spot on the
screen. The resulting improved image is comparable to what one
telescope of
the same light gathering capacity as the 4 separate telescopes, would
produce.

The added complication is that the projected images of the four
telescopes
have to reach the screen in phase with each other for them to add up
successfully. (Similar to the two split experiment) To this end the
distance traveled by the light from each telescope to the screen must be
the
same for the images to arrive in phase. This way the images will add
to,
rather than subtract from, each other.

This latest development has not come about as a result of a better
understanding exactly what a light beam consists off. It is simply a
practical solution to an old problem.

However the helical photon wave concept does provide for a better
understanding what happens when similar light beams are in or out of
phase
with each other.

Then you have some inclusion of Feynman's path integral ?
http://www.physics.yorku.ca/undergra...ch/Feynm4.html

Sue...
.................................................. ..............
To Sue,

First of all, I am not an admirer of Feynman since he was the worst
(academic) offender in turning the science of particle physics into a
religious magic show and himself into its prophet.

Secondly, I think that your above quotation by Feynman confuses the issue
rather than add to our understanding of the use of multiple telescopes.

Basically what I was saying in my previous posting was that, if you were
giving a slide show in a large hall and wanted to brighten the projected
image of the slide projector, you could use a second slide projector on top
of your existing projector to project a copy of the same slide on the
screen, making the projected image twice as bright.

However for this to work, the second projector would have to be the same
distance away from the screen as the first projector. It would have to be
pointed at exactly the same spot on the screen and the second projected
image would have to be of the same size as the first image. In so doing the
two projected images should also be in phase and strengthen rather than
detract from each other.

In today's computer world the television image of the star produced by each
telescope can be digitally added to the television images generated by any
number of other telescopes. This way, the image of the star produced by
each telescope can be computer manipulated to make them a near perfect
match, before they are digitally added together to form the resultant image.

Len.

Suppose I want to take the emission of a single star-atom
(photon?) and subtract two of the mirrors from the other two
to get a complete null ? The light from one projector will not
destructivly interfer with the light from another as you have
described the overlay of images. The VLTI however permits
both constructive and destructive interference.

Does your theory account for the destructive interferrance that
is observed at VLTI Paranal ?

Sue...

.................................................. ......


Enjoy, Len.
.................................................. ............

"Len Gaasenbeek" wrote in message
...

"Len Gaasenbeek" wrote in message
...

.................................................. .....................
Does your paper explain how that corkscrewing critter
illuminates all four of these:
http://www.eso.org/projects/vlti/ima...-smallsize.jpg
http://www.eso.org/projects/vlti/
...so it can add constructivly or destructivly after passing
the four delay lines ?

Sue...
http://web.mit.edu/8.02t/www/802TEAL3D/teal_tour.htm
.................................................. ...........

To Sue,

In essence what you are saying is, that the workable size of an
optical telescope is limited and consequently can only project the image
of an observed star on a screen of limited quality.

To improve the sharpness and detail of the projected image of a distant
star, astronomers hit on the idea of using several telescopes and have each
telescope project the image of the observed star on the same spot on the
screen. The resulting improved image is comparable to what one telescope
of the same light gathering capacity as the 4 separate telescopes, would
produce.

The added complication is that the projected images of the four telescopes
have to reach the screen in phase with each other for them to add up
successfully. (Similar to the two slit experiment) To this end the
distance traveled by the light from each telescope to the screen must be
the same for the images to arrive in phase. This way the images will add
to,
rather than subtract from, each other.

This latest development has not come about as a result of a better
understanding exactly what a light beam consists off. It is simply a
practical solution to an old problem.

However the helical photon wave concept does provide for a better
understanding what happens when similar light beams are in or out of phase
with each other.

Enjoy, Len.
.................................................. .............