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| Tags: emergence, local, macroquantum, physics, spacetime |
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"I believe that to solve any problem that has never been solved before, you have to leave the door to the unknown ajar. You have to admit that you do not have it exactly right." Richard Feynman B = (hG/c^3)^1/2d(Phase of Vacuum ODLRO) is an example of P.W. Anderson's "More is Different" from spontaneously breaking internal SU(2)hypercharge together with locally gauging T4 - Diff(4). This is a NEW IDEA not found in physics before - I mean the merging of the two ideas above. Einstein's 1915 GR & Beyond is Macro-Quantum Emergent. There is no gravity and inertia if h - 0 c - infinity even when G =/= 0 Excerpted from http://www.newvisions.ucsb.edu/visions/emergent_nature/ Emergent Nature A major scientific understanding of biophysical and human nature hinges on emergence, which has been invoked to explain complex phenomena ranging from biological diversity to human consciousness. Emergent nature is becoming a unifying vision for a vast array of scientific disciplines, and sheds new light on traditional metaphysical questions of order and chaos, parts and wholes. Emergence has also been offered as a way to situate theology in a scientifically-valid framework. Emergent nature champions antireductionist explanation. It has been recognized throughout the ages that nature exists at multiple scales of complexity; what is the relationship between these levels? The perennial Great Chain of Being (Lovejoy 1936) posited a vast hierarchy running from matter to spirit, joining levels of complexity (and, significantly, science and religion) with higher levels ultimately explaining lower levels. But many of the sciences have, especially in the last century, moved in the opposite, reductionist direction, seeking explanation at smaller and smaller levels of reality. A good example is physics, which arguably encompasses a broader range of scales of complexity than any other science. A well-known advocate of reductionist explanation is Steven Weinberg (Weinberg 2001, 107-122). Weinberg believes that complex phenomena such as mind and life do emerge out of simpler systems, yet “The rules they obey are not independent truths, but follow from scientific principles at a deeper level” (p 115). Reductionist explanation has generally been the hallmark of physics, but has not gone without criticism. A key early paper was written by condensed-matter theorist Phil Anderson in 1972, in an essay aptly titled “More is different” (Anderson 1972). One of Anderson’s main points is that “The ability to reduce everything to simple fundamental laws does not imply the ability to start from those laws and reconstruct the universe” (p. 393). The early work of Anderson and other physicists has recently led to a burgeoning new cross-disciplinary field of complex systems analysis (see e.g. Science, 2 April 1999), which is explicitly devoted to establishing nonreductive modes of explanation of complex phenomena. ... Anderson, P. W. 1972. More is different. Science 177 (4047):393-396. Clayton, Philip. 2004. The emergence of spirit: God beyond theism and physicalism. [Under consideration.] Oxford: Oxford University Press. Gell-Mann, Murray. 1994. The quark and the jaguar: Adventures in the simple and the complex. New York: W.H. Freeman. Gleick, James. 1988. Chaos: Making a new science. New York: Penguin. Kadanoff, Leo P. 2002. A New Kind of Science. Physics Today, July, 55. Levin, Simon A. 1992. The problem of pattern and scale in ecology. Ecology, Dec, 1943-1967. ——— . 1998. Ecosystems and the biosphere as complex adaptive systems. Ecosystems 1 (5):431-436. ——— . 1999. Fragile dominion: Complexity and the commons. Reading, Mass.: Perseus Books. Lovejoy, Arthur O. 1936. The great chain of being: A study of the history of an idea. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. May, Robert M. 1973. Stability and complexity in model ecosystems. Princeton, N.J.,: Princeton University Press. ——— . 1995. Necessity and chance: Deterministic chaos in ecology and evolution. Bulletin (New Series) of the American Mathematical Society 32 (3):291-308. Morowitz, Harold J. 2002. The emergence of everything: How the world became complex. New York: Oxford University Press. Murphy, Nancy, Robert John Russell, and Arthur R. Peacocke, eds. 1995. Chaos and complexity: Scientific perspectives on divine action. Berkeley, Calif.: Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences. Peitgen, Heinz-Otto, H. Jürgens, and Dietmar Saupe. 1993. Chaos and fractals: New frontiers of science. New York: Springer-Verlag. Polkinghorne, J. C. 1991. Reason and reality: The relationship between science and theology. London: SPCK. Prigogine, I., and Isabelle Stengers. 1984. Order out of chaos: Man's new dialogue with nature. Toronto: Bantam Books. Ulanowicz, Robert E. 1997. Ecology, the ascendent perspective. New York: Columbia University Press. ——— . 1999. Life after Newton: An ecological metaphysic. Biosystems 50 (2):127-142. Weinberg, Steven. 2001. Facing up: Science and its cultural adversaries. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. Wolfram, Stephen. 2002. A new kind of science. Champaign, IL: Wolfram Media. |
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