Since the source terms are nonlocal in space,
the retarded solutions ostensibly involve two 3-
dimensional spatial integrals. In the next section,
we find the gauge function that takes us from
the Lorenz gauge to the Coulomb gauge. We
show that in fact the solution in the Coulomb gauge
needs only one 3-dimensional spatial integration
plus a time integration over a finite interval
(nonlocality in time). That the two forms of the
solution are equivalent is demonstrated in
Section IV.

http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0204034


This ``space'' is usually referred to as space-time, for
obvious reasons. Note that space-time cannot be regarded
as a straightforward generalization of Euclidian 3-space to
four dimensions, with time as the fourth dimension. The
distribution of signs in the metric ensures that the time coordinate
is not on the same footing as the three space coordinates. Thus,
space-time has a non-isotropic nature which is quite unlike
Euclidian space with its positive definite metric.
http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teachin...es/node13.html


Here, A and R denote the advanced and retarded waves
emitted by the charge, respectively. The advanced wave travels
to ``the rest of the universe'' and is reflected; i.e., the distant
charges oscillate in response to the advanced wave and emit a
retarded wave , as shown. The retarded wave is spherical
wave which converges on the original charge, passes through
the charge, and then diverges again. The divergent wave is
denoted . Note that looks like a negative advanced wave
emitted by the charge, whereas looks like a positive retarded
wave emitted by the charge. This is essentially what Eq. (3.304)
says. The retarded waves and are absorbed by
``the rest of the universe.''
http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teachin...es/node46.html

------
Sue...

"sue jahn" wrote in message ...

Since the source terms are nonlocal in space,
the retarded solutions ostensibly involve two 3-
dimensional spatial integrals. In the next section,
we find the gauge function that takes us from
the Lorenz gauge to the Coulomb gauge. We
show that in fact the solution in the Coulomb gauge
needs only one 3-dimensional spatial integration
plus a time integration over a finite interval
(nonlocality in time). That the two forms of the
solution are equivalent is demonstrated in
Section IV.

http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0204034


This ``space'' is usually referred to as space-time, for
obvious reasons. Note that space-time cannot be regarded
as a straightforward generalization of Euclidian 3-space to
four dimensions, with time as the fourth dimension. The
distribution of signs in the metric ensures that the time coordinate
is not on the same footing as the three space coordinates. Thus,
space-time has a non-isotropic nature which is quite unlike
Euclidian space with its positive definite metric.
http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teachin...es/node13.html


Here, A and R denote the advanced and retarded waves
emitted by the charge, respectively. The advanced wave travels
to ``the rest of the universe'' and is reflected; i.e., the distant
charges oscillate in response to the advanced wave and emit a
retarded wave , as shown. The retarded wave is spherical
wave which converges on the original charge, passes through
the charge, and then diverges again. The divergent wave is
denoted . Note that looks like a negative advanced wave
emitted by the charge, whereas looks like a positive retarded
wave emitted by the charge. This is essentially what Eq. (3.304)
says. The retarded waves and are absorbed by
``the rest of the universe.''
http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teachin...es/node46.html

------
Sue...



Perspicacious wrote:

Newbies should ignore the outdated century-old formalism
for learning special relativity.

There is now a much more modern and clearer approach:

http://www.everythingimportant.org/relativity/
http://groups-beta.google.com/group/...a69524f?hl=en&

Sue...'s Adobe reader sez:
"No occurances of Maxwell were found in the document."

It must be about family trees, relatives and geneology Eh?

Sue...