The Infinite Radiant Energy Cycle

Scholars of radiation interest,

The following revised content is posted with a request for comments.
The goal is to obtain rational reviews with "specificity"
regarding individual issues within the model.
Comments and corrections may aid others in understanding
a radiation and shadowing system of force fields.

News group responses will be answered via the news groups.
Email responses will be answered via Email.
The primary return e-mail address is given below.
Email responses will not be published or posted without the respondent's
prior permission.

The Infinite Energy Cycle

The prime background radiation is shown as an infinite source of energy and
the plenum to which all energy returns.

In a shadowed space near a planet, the flow of the prime radiation is
unbalanced due to the planet screening (shadowing) a portion of the opposing
flow. At any given point in this region of unbalanced flow, the radiation
has positional gravitational potential energy. From a closed systems view,
the potential energy is there, even without the unbalancing effect of the
shadow. The planet and its shadow provide the circumstances that make the
energy available for objects which are free to fall with the unbalanced
flow. Again, this is similar to the source and sink system required for the
operation of a heat engine. The planet is providing the sink and the
unbalanced flow, and the shadow geometry is creating a gradient within the
flow. If a particle or object could exhibit a one directional shadow,
without experiencing spin, it would be able to extract energy or linear
momentum from an isotropic field without the necessity of having a second
shadowing object (planet). Of course the object would then have the
opportunity to obtain the same speed as the radiation.

When a free space particle drifts into an area of gravitational influence,
the unbalanced flow of prime radiation entrains the particle,... and
relative kinetic energy as a change in velocity (dv),... is manifested in
the particle, relative to the shadowing object.

Some readers may desire to view this as a transfer of energy from prime
radiation to the particle, but it must be recognized that this new kinetic
energy of the particle is also a mutual feature of the particle and the
background radiation. The unbalanced flow of radiation (G) with its
resultant force has caused the creation of relative momentum in the
particle-radiation-planet system. [see Inertia Sec..]
http://home.netcom.com/~sbyers11/For...InertiaRevised

When the particle falls and strikes the planet, the kinetic energy is
converted to low grade heat. The heat is then radiated and conducted to the
ambient environment and returns to the sink of radiant space to complete the
cycle. There are obviously many other energy cycles returning energy to
radiant space other than just heat, as demonstrated by the outpouring from
the stars. A similar fate occurs to the radiant ingredients of unstable
particles of matter when they decay. Their collection of ripples and eddies
of radiation decay and disperse back to the sink of prime radiation.

The question of what happens to the gravitational spectral radiation that is
blocked by the mass of a planet is of interest. It has experienced some type
of change that has created the shadow in the isotropic flow, but the form of
the change in this secondary divergent radiation is not evident. The types
of change seen possible in creating this secondary radiation
are;...loss of coherency, frequency up shift transformations through mixing,
frequency dispersion into Fourier components, directional scattering, phase
and polarization variations. It is quite obvious that gravitational
interaction
function of the prime radiation does not result in heating the surface of a
planet in the same manner that would occur if the radiation were
Electromagnetic.

A particle in free isotropic space does not fall (accelerate) because the
impinging radiation from above is balanced by the impinging radiation from
below. The same particle when on the surface of a planet does not fall
because the surface of the planet balances the impinging radiation force
from above. In each case the particle has the same amount of radiation
impinging from above. In the free space situation one does not expect the
isotropic radiation to cause heating. Yet some scholars insist that on a
planets surface the same value of radiation and force from above should
cause heating that would soon evaporate the planet. It is agreed, that if
the radiation were Electromagnetic, evaporation of the planet would be
expected.
Unbalanced Prime radiation fields exhibit force and cause the
manifestation of relative motion and relative energy between two objects but
conversion of the impinging prime radiation into heat and EM energy appears
to only occur in radioactive elements.

It appears that the preponderance of the total prime radiation spectrum
which converges on a planet,... is up-shifted through mixing to higher
harmonic
frequencies with shorter wavelengths which then diverge from the planet and
do
not interact with matter to cause heat or force.

A second system model of force unbalance in a shadowed location
(i.e.: near a planet) may occur due to a difference in coherency between
impinging and divergent radiations of the same frequencies.
It would be expected that any coherent radiation from outer
space would exert greater force on an object than the opposing diffuse
non-coherent radiation which is diverging from the planet. An example of the
difference in effective energy between coherent and non-coherent EM
radiation is evident when one compares the concentrated energy of laser
beams to the energy of non-coherent light source beams. ***


Quantum Steps as Harmonic Steps

Quantum steps of energy consist of a gain or loss of one harmonic frequency
from the existing harmonious confluence of frequencies that constitute the
particle. An apparent step increase of radiant energy of a particle (object)
occurs when a new harmonic wave train joins in to the harmonious
interference pattern, which is the particle. In the same manner, the
apparent decay of energy in a resonant particle is the loss of some phase or
some group wave trains. This model requires no quantum particles (bundles of
energy) that strike an object and are absorbed and stored.

The use of Plank's constant ( h ), to determine the size of the energy
steps, remains applicable with this model. In order to join in to the
existing confluence of radiation the impinging wave train must be a
mathematical harmonic in tune with the existing frequencies. If frequencies
of any random wavelength were allowed to join with the resonant spectral
symphony of the particle, it is doubtful if any quantum steps would be
evident. In order to join the symphony, the new wavelength has to be in
integral harmony. i.e. : ....1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 4....

When one reviews Plank's work, which results in the conclusion that energy
E, only exists in quanta, it is obvious that the equation contains the
continuous function, F (freq.),

E = h* F

It is apparent that an infinite selection of any size quanta will be
available if all non integral frequencies are available. If this were true
there would be no "quantum step" manifested. From the statistical work that
produced this equation, it can be concluded that the frequency term F, must
always be a function of the integral term N, an integer, [N = 1,2,3,....].
Therefore F becomes a function of a reference frequency, Fo, and N.

F = Fo* N

With the addition of N to the equation, the quantum energy steps
E = h*Fo*N
, have integral step relations similar to those found with harmonic
frequencies.

When the equations of Balmer's, Lyman's et al, spectral series are reviewed
it is apparent that light and energy, as it is reflected or emitted from
matter, only manifests as harmonics, and therefore the quantum steps become
self evident. This also suggests that all of the frequencies constituting
the confluence which is the particle, are all related as integral harmonics.
This logic does not exclude the existence of frequencies which are not
harmonically related to the frequencies of matter, it only suggests that
significant energy interactions (quantum steps) only occur with related
harmonics.

From the Balmer series, the frequencies of the spectrometer measurements
a

F = (Rc/4) - (Rc/n^2)

Using this term for frequency, Planks equation for a quantum of energy is
given the integral steps necessary to define a stepwise quantum of energy.

E = h*F or E = h*[(Rc/a^2)-(Rc/n^2)]

All frequencies in the following four series are seen to be related
harmonically. This occurs where integral steps of (a) and (n) in the above
equations, give different series and separate harmonics within a series,
i.e.

Lyman: a = 1, n = 2,3,4...,
Balmer: a = 2, n = 3,4,5...,
Paschen: a = 3, n = 4,5,6...,
Brackett: a = 4, n = 5,6,7...,

With a minimum of algebraic comparisons, it is seen that all of the series
are harmonically related.

The Lyman series contains:

A fourth harmonic of every second line of the Balmer series.
A ninth harmonics of every third line in the Paschen series.
A sixteenth harmonic of every fourth line in the Brackett series.

That which appears as the addition of stored energy is only the addition of
harmonic rays of other wavelengths to the vortex. The minute stepwise
appearance of changes in energy called quanta are due to the loss or
addition of one harmonic phase wave within the particles total radiant
spectral flow.

Spectral lines and continuous spectra emissions are a result of the
surrounding radiant sea adjusting to the loss or addition of one harmonic
frequency to the vortex. Thus, the concept that jump changes, in the orbits
of electron point particles, cause the spectral lines of the elements is not
required in this model.

The electrons emitted during beta decay are no different than a diverging
spectra. The prime radiant background is being converted to the frequencies
of the electron and this allows the decaying element to appear as a source.
This is an indication that the electron shells are a standing wave
phenomenon. Matter and energy have not been created nor destroyed; it is
only a frequency conversion process.

In this review, the term "radiant energy" has been avoided when referring to
the balanced prime radiation. The proper description appears to be prime
radiant "potential energy" since it is not available as potential radiant or
kinetic energy in our spectral domain until it's flow has been unbalanced or
converted to a lower frequency by some object or process. In vector analysis
terms the isotropic prime radiation would be a scalar quantity like
temperature. The heat spectrum has a name for its scalar field, which is
temperature. A name has not yet been coined for the intensity, a scalar, of
the prime isotropic background radiation. Since all remote forces, EM
radiation, and radioactive energy depend on the prime radiation and
shadowing, popular use will no doubt mis-name the prime radiation as
"radiant energy" or the "Sea of Energy".

This heat shell model of energy views an increase in temperature as an
increase in the number of harmonic frequencies in the heat spectrum at that
resonating point (particle). If the concentration is above ambient, the
particle will lose harmonics as radiant heat. This appears as storage of
energy by the particle, but the heat energy is actually being converted from
the prime radiation flowing through the particle.

The heat frequency energy that appears to be absorbed is not stored as an
independent bundle of EM energy in a particle. The interacting process that
appears to be "absorption" is only frequency conversion and changing of the
harmonic content of the interference patterns. An infinite source of
potential energy is available at every point in space whether an atomic
particle is there or not. With this radiation and shadowing concept there is
no requirement to model a particle with an independent mysterious storage
lock box for energy packets. ***

Energy Upshift via Mixing

The existence of the plenum and the cycle of prime radiation removes the
concern for the thermodynamic concept of an inevitable "Heat Death of the
Universe". The heat death concept predicts that all organized energy (low
entropy) will eventually decay to unavailable disorganized energy (high
entropy) as low-grade heat. This concept is viewed by some scholars as a
form of the Second Law of Thermodynamics.

Other popular models view the absence of excess star light energy as an
indication that the Universe must be expanding and the expanding volume of
space provides an expanding sink capacity for the heat death energy. This
radiation and shadowing model's concept of energy frequency up-conversion
does not require the Universe or space to expand or warp in order to provide
a sink for the lost energy of Olbers' paradox.

It well known that two EM frequencies mix via superposition. This is
directly related to the superpositional addition of E force vectors in
electrostatic force fields. The mixing process produces Fourier frequency
content consisting of the sum, difference and the two original frequencies.
The energy (e) content of radiation is also known to be directly
proportional to its frequency (f), e = hf, where (h) is Planck's constant.
This indicates that as the low-grade heat and radiant energy manifested by
matter, are entrained and mixed back into the plenum of prime radiation, a
natural up shift of energy toward the higher frequencies occurs.
Consequently, low-grade heat is a byproduct of utilizing high-grade energy,
and high-grade energy is reproduced by the mixing and absorption of up
shifted radiation returning to the plenum of prime background radiation.
This prevents the possibility of the Universe's heat death through increased
entropy, which is frequency downshift.

The following simplified example of frequency mixing demonstrates the
natural ultraviolet up-conversion of the process. Mixing two harmonic
frequencies through superpositional interference is modeled here. The
process produces a sum frequency, a difference frequency and the two
originals. It should be noted that multiplication of frequencies only occurs
by cascading through multiple generations. Related cascading processes are
fractal geometry and cellular automata. This simplified mathematical black
body mixing example is modeled here with the following assumptions:

The waste energy being added to the ambient [sink] is a single frequency at
the red end of the visual spectrum, red, and is designated as (R).
The harmonic frequency to be mixed with the red frequency is provided by the
ambient in the infrared spectra and is equal to one half of the frequency of
(R). It is designated (K). Therefore, R is the second harmonic of K,... R =
2K .
The ambient is considered an infinite source of the infrared (K).
The artificial waste heat source for (R) is constant with an intensity above
ambient during the mixing process of returning energy to the ambient plenum.

In the following chart of the cascading generations of frequencies, only the
new frequencies [sources] will be added in each generation. No attempt will
be made to chart the repeat occurrences for each generation's original
frequencies since there are continuous sources for both original
frequencies.
The intensity/amplitude and phase of the succeeding generations will not be
considered. Relative intensities of the frequencies are best judged by the
form of the standard black body radiation curve. Only the existence or
absence of frequencies are charted.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

--- H a r m o n i c s ---
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Generation 4 X X X X X X X X

Generation 3 X X X X X

Generation 2 X X X

Originals 1 X X

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
---- H a r m o n i c s ----

Frequency Mixing Chart
..
Fig. 2
Each generation consists of the sum, difference and the two originals of the
preceeding generation.


Energy Upshift via Mixing cont.

The most surprising and important result for this review is that there are
no sub-harmonics or fractional harmonics produced. It is readily seen that
the energy quickly cascades towards the higher frequencies. Only higher
frequencies are produced in each generation. The energy upshift is then
compounded since the higher frequencies
manifest more energy via the E = hf process. Therefore there is no
mechanism in the sum and difference arithmetic of integral harmonics to
produce frequencies lower than the lowest original harmonic
frequency.
This suggests that all radiant energy emitted by matter, mixes
via superposition in a manner to increase the frequency above the lowest
original frequency and thus returns the energy to the higher prime
frequencies. This negates the concept of a universal heat death predicted by
the second "law" of thermodynamics and demonstrates a renewed Phoenix of
available radiant energy returning to the plenum of prime radiation.

The above example has assumed that the returning waste frequency is mixing
with a lower harmonic. If mixing with a higher frequency is actually the
predominant natural mode, then this would compound the frequency up shifting
for available energy returning to the prime plenum. ***

Olbers' Paradox

In studies by others, Olbers' paradox has been used to support the
hypothesis that the Universe must be expanding. The expanding Universe
models can be considered equivalent to the shrinking and warping inertial
space models, only viewed from a different reference frame. The proposed
expansion is used as an explanation for the degradation of the star field's
radiant energy and the Doppler shift of the light frequency. With this
mixing and up-shifting of frequency as an explanation, the expansion of the
Universe (equals shrinking of inertial space) is not a required attribute in
this model.

Quote:.....If the universe is infinite, uniform and unchanging the sky at
night would be bright,... as in whatever direction one looked one would
eventually see a star. The number of stars would increase in proportion to
the square (cube ?) of the distance from the earth; the intensity of light
reaching the earth from a given star is inversely proportional to the square
of the distance. Consequently, the whole sky should be about as bright as
the Sun. The paradox, that this is not the case, was stated by Heinrich
Olbers (1758- 1840) in 1826. .....Unquote.

The above quote is from Oxford Univ. Press, Concise Science.

This paradox forces the question;... What happens to the light and energy
that should have turned the Earth to toast? From the prior section on
mixing of frequencies it appears that the radiation and light of the stars
is mixing with other prime background frequencies and as a result is being
up-shifted out of the visible and electromagnetic spectrum. In this manner
star light is safely returning the energy of the stars to the infinite
plenum of prime radiation. Consequently, the so called ultraviolet
catastrophe, apparent in black body radiation charts, may not be a
catastrophe after all, but a shield and a necessary part of the universal
energy cycle. If the downshift (heat death) option is considered as an
answer to Olbers' lack of starlight, it is seen that it would present its
own catastrophe. This would be converting the missing starlight energy into
heat, which would be just as fatal as full strength starlight. The following
is a chart of blackbody radiation intensity (brightness) vs frequency, with
measurement data from various instrument programs added.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

http://home.netcom.com/~sbyers11/Cre...RadiationChart

Blackbody Radiation Chart
Fig. 4

----------------------------------------------------------------------------


RF Radiation Mixing Data

The following is another empirical example demonstrating a tendency for
emitted frequencies to mix with higher frequency harmonics. These
ionospheric perturbation experiments by the Naval Research Labs reveal a
similar cascading of energy toward the higher frequencies. The graphs of
their data is shown in these thumbnail images.

http://home.netcom.com/~sbyers11/SEE4.gif


http://home.netcom.com/~sbyers11/SEE3.gif

Select and click the above URL to obtain the graphs.

Additional links to the original Naval Research site are also available at
the URL http://server5550.itd.nrl.navy.mil/p...IONO/SEE2.html

It is recommended that readers review the SEE research data and analysis
presented at the NRL site in order to gain insight into the reality of the
natural radiant energy up-shift phenomena.

The closed cycle of water of our planet; from the ocean, evaporating to
vapor, condensing to clouds and rain and back to the ocean, can be
"roughly" compared to the closed energy cycle existing between matter and
radiation. Matter is created as interference deformations of the prime
radiant energy (condensation). Stellar radiant energy is the most prominent
process where energy, transformed in frequency, returns to linear radiation
in the plenum of prime radiation (evaporation). The sum and difference
phenomena of frequency mixing assures that the returning radiation always
cascades toward the higher frequencies (ordered state), thus avoiding the
"mythical heat death" of the universe which is ever increasing entropy
[disordered state]. Consequently, confluences of ....linear coherent prime
radiation, mix and manifest as matter; and its divergent secondary radiation
returns to the universal plenum of prime radiation.

Additional evidence indicating the prevalence of this important sum and
difference mixing phenomenon is found in the equations for the Balmer
spectral series. The equation for frequency is:

f = Rc/4 - Rc/ n^2

It is seen that each frequency in the series results from a difference
between two terms (frequencies). This is the same Balmer equation presented
in the prior section, Quantum Steps as Harmonic Steps, although it is in a
slightly different form to show the two frequency terms. With the Balmer
series demonstrating as the difference of two frequencies within the visual
spectrum, the mixing phenomenon suggests that there must exist a frequency,
which is the sum of each pair of the terms, beyond the visual frequencies.

For the following discussion of Matter as Radiation it is important to note
that the mixing and interference phenomena do not require the converging and
diverging energy to exist on the same plane. Current observations of Stellar
objects demonstrate that jets of energy and matter exit from the poles of
certain objects.

http://home.netcom.com/~sbyers11/crabneb.jpg
Crab Nebula
Image via NASA

Click on this URL to obtain the enlarged photo of the non planar flow of
energy from the poles of the Crab nebula.


--
Cheers, Stan Byers

Fremont, California. USA


Gravity and Inertia via Radiation,.... Web Site
http://home.netcom.com/~sbyers11