PS Look at Max Tegmark's Parallel Universes in May 2003 Scientific
American for background.

Imagine a single Level 1 post inflationary bubble which (suppress 1
space dimension temporarily) is like an infinite flat rubber sheet
Euclidian plane that is not only stretching isotropicly, but is
accelerating in its expansion rate. Our local universe is the interior
of an expanding circle on the plane. The radius of the circle is c/H(t).
The circumference of the circle is "singular" in the sense that the
vacuum coherence PSI = 0 on the circumference where the micro incoherent
-- macro quantum coherent vacuum inflationary phase transition
happened. That is, the circumference is analogous to a vortex line in
Type II superconductor with a lattice of vortex lines. Each vortex line
is analogous to a "local" Level I parallel universe.

Now in fact, we live in flat 3D space (in large scale structure limit),
so the circumference is really the 2D surface of the World Hologram of
Lenny Susskind where

Lp* = Lp^2/3(c/Ho)^1/3 ~ 1 fermi i.e. lepto-quark scale of physics.

On Tuesday, August 19, 2003, at 01:25 PM, ISEP wrote:

Timothy Ferris on C-Span LA TIMES Book Fair

Seduction of Science

Ferris is a good writer, though not a physicist, he has a good
understanding of the conventional wisdom in mainstream physics today.
John Archibald Wheeler asked at April 2003 APS in Philadelphia

"The Question is: What is The Question?"

Ferris describes the wrong question asked by all of the pundits in
modern precision cosmology, which is

"What are the exotic particles, perhaps from string theory, that form
the dark matter?"

This is an important issue because, as Ferris was quick to point out,
contrary to John Maddox's (NATURE) comment, inflationary cosmology is
an excellent theory since 3D space is now measured to be flat on the
large scale 10 megaparsecs and the black body cosmic microwave
background temperature variations ~ 10^-5 over the whole celestial
sphere with scale invariant Gaussian fluctuations are now, since WMAP,
measured with good accuracy and precision ~ 2%.

Quantum field theory has both virtual and real particles. In simple
terms, real particles outside the physical vacuum obey the exterior
Heisenberg uncertainty principle that, for example, the product of the
momentum and position uncertainties is greater than a quantity
proportional to Planck's quantum of action. Similarly, for energy and
time, for action momentum and angle, for number and phase, electric and
magnetic fields, generalized to any pair of incompatible non-commuting
matrix observables in quantum bit space etc.

Virtual particles, on the contrary, are inside the vacuum, obeying the
interior Heisenberg uncertainty principle that the products of
uncertainties in conflicting measurements is smaller than the
corresponding action quantity for real particles.

There are two kinds of physical vacuum spacetime regions, exotic and
non-exotic. The non-exotic vacuum does not gravitate and it is close to
the common sense idea of a vacuum as classical empty of real particles
(including real photons forming radiation, and even giant quantum states
of virtual photons forming near fields like magnetic fields in MHD
plasmas, in pulsars etc.). The nonexotic vacuum on the large scale has
zero cosmological constant /\ = 0.

Gravity lensing, type 1a supernovae, WMAP et-al all show that the
physical vacuum on a large scale is only about 4% in terms of the
"Omega" of standard FRW cosmology from Einstein's theory of gravity. Our
expanding 3D space is accelerating rather than slowing down. This means,
from type 1s supernovae data, a /\ 0 that is an anti-gravity space
warp field with an Omega that is ~ 73%. Flat 3D space then requires a
dark matter component whose Omega is ~ 23%. The three main components
of the stuff of our local universe then adds up to 100% with ordinary
atoms and radiation in non-gravitating vacuum only ~ 4% of the universe.
Our "local universe" is what we can see in our telescopes in all regions
of the electromagnetic spectrum. That will include future gravity wave
and neutrino detectors as well. That is, our local universe the "past
light cone" in curved spacetime on the large scale. There are an
infinity of parallel universes outside our past light cone. Indeed, one
needs to use Cantor's theory of transfinite numbers with an infinity of
infinities as explained by Max Tegmark in several recent papers like May
2003 Scientific American on "Parallel Universes". These universes are
geometrodynamical in the sense of Wheeler's "IT" not the same as David
Deutsch's informational " BIT "multiverse" ("Fabric of Reality").

Wheeler says "IT FROM BIT" which requires delving into the alternative
meanings of quantum theory. I suggest Wheeler's idea is incomplete
needing also "BIT FROM IT" to get his Oroborus of the "universe as a
self-excited circuit".
http://www.metanexus.net/ultimate_reality/agenda.htm

Einstein's large scale cosmological constant is really a limiting case
of the local complex scalar field responsible for inflation. The Dirac
electron vacuum dominates to a good approximation but it is unstable
from the exchange of a virtual photon between a virtual
electron-positron pair at the Fermi surface of zero energy with momentum
10^19Gev/c. The micro-quantum Dirac vacuum collapses to a macro-quantum
coherent vacuum of lower entropy. The local complex scalar field is the
vacuum polarization coherence. The coherence length is c/H(t) where the
Hubble parameter is H(t) = R(t),t/R(t) in the large scale limit of the
GRW metric including /\ =/= 0. This local scalar field PSI(x) has a
Goldstone phase and a Higgs amplitude. Einstein's geometrodynamic
c-number field guv(x) of "superfluid" curved spacetime is simply
emergent from the modulation of the Goldstone phase according to the IT
FROM BIT Bohm pilot wave guidance equation

guv(x) = nuv + (1/2)Lp^2 (Goldstone phase(x))9{,u,v}

, means ordinary partial derivative, { }means symmetrized
anti-commutator and [ ] means commutator
nuv is the globally flat Minkowski metric tensor

Lp^2 = hG/c^3 consistent with black hole thermodynamics.

Torsion fields correspond to the non-integrable anholonomy

(Goldstone phase(x))[,u,v] =/= 0

Susskind's "world hologram" corresponds to using

Lp* = Lp^2/3(c/Ho)^1/3 ~ 1 fermi ~ 10^-13 cm rather than Lp ~ 10^-33 cm

The local exotic vacuum zero point energy fluctuation field is then

/\(x)zpf = Lp*^-2[1 - Lp*^3|Higgs Amplitude(x)|^2]

where /\(x) 0 is anti-gravitating "dark energy" exotic vacuum and
/\(x) 0 is gravitating "dark matter" exotic vacuum.

The zero point energy induced electron rest mass is

m~ (e^2/c^2)|/\zpf|^1/2

where |/\zpf |~ (1 fermi)^-2 ~ Lp*^-2 on the scale of 1 fermi with /\zpf
0 dark matter exotic vacuum core to prevent the explosion of the self
charge ~ e.

The string theory alpha' corresponds to this same value for /\zpf on the
microscale.

* Therefore, dark matter is not in the form of real exotic particles.
Dark matter ~ 23% of the stuff of our local universe is simply exotic
vacuum with positive zero point energy pressure. In contrast, dark
energy ~ 73% of our local universe is simply exotic vacuum with negative
zero point energy pressure that is equivalent to Kip Thorne's "exotic
matter" for traversable wormholes and Alcubierre timelike geodesic warp
drive vacuum propulsion when we learn how to locally metric engineer the
physical vacuum. Potential applications of this new physics are
described in Chapter Nine of Sir Martin Rees's "Our Final Hour".

Jack Sarfatti
http://qedcorp.com/APS/Ukraine.doc