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#1
April 23rd 08
posted to sci.physics,sci.math,sci.physics.relativity,alt.philosophy,sci.physics.electromag
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Moving Dimensions Theory's simplicity: The fourth dimension is
On Apr 22, 10:10*am, wrote:
Moving Dimensions Theory by Dr. Ranger McCoy ABSTRACT Moving Dimensions Theory postulates that the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions, symbolized by the equation: dx4/dt =ic http://physicsmathforums.com MDT provides a physical model underlying both quantum mechanical and relativistic phenomenon. *The simple postulate accounts for quantum mechanics’ action-at-a-distance and relativity’s length contraction, as well as entanglement and the equivalence of mass and energy. *MDT provides a simple physical model showing that diverse dualities—wave/ particle, time/space, and mass/energy—all originate from the same principle. *MDT provides a physical model underlying entropy and unifying time’s thermodynamic, classical, quantum, and radiative arrows. *MDT provides a physical model accounting for the constant velocity of light, the fact that the maximum velocity through space is c, and the fact that c is independent of the velocity of the source, as MDT considers photons as matter surfing the fourth expanding dimension. *Nonlocality is accounted for by an expanding fourth dimension that is inherently nonlocal, and MDT shows that this fundamental expansion is the origin of quantum mechanic’s probability. *MDT provides a physical model for time—time is not the fourth dimension, but rather a phenomenon that emerges from a physical reality wherein the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. *The theory resolves the EPR paradox while also liberating us from the block universe implied by Einstein’s relativity. *Relativity freezes the expansion of the fourth dimension, only ever considering instantaneous snapshots of the universe. Quantum Mechanics treats the fourth dimension as a dynamical element. Hence quantum mechanics is a science defined by flux—by differential operators. I. MDT in Complete Agreement with Quantum Mechanics and Relativity Moving Dimensions Theory is in complete agreement with all experimental tests and phenomena associated with special and general relativity. MDT is in complete agreement with all physical phenomena as predicted by quantum mechanics and demonstrated in extensive experiments. The genius and novelty of MDT is that it presents a common physical model which shows that curious phenomena from both relativity and quantum mechanics derive from the same fundamental physical reality. Nowhere does String Theory (ST) nor Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) account for quantum entanglement nor relativistic time dilation. MDT shows these derive from the same underlying physical reality. Nowhere does ST nor LQG account for wave-particle duality nor relativistic length contraction. MDT shows these derive from the same underlying physical reality. Nowhere does ST nor LQG account for the constant speed of light, nor the independence of the speed of light on the velocity of the source, nor entropy, nor time's arrow. MDT shows these derive from the same underlying physical reality. Nowhere does String Theory nor Loop Quantum Gravity resolve the paradox of Godel's Block Universe which troubled Einstein. MDT resolves this paradox. *String Theory and LQG lack definitive equations, whereas MDT presents a simple equation: It will be shown that relativity can be derived from this simple equation, as we return to Einstein’s original work. *It will be noted that Einstein never stated that time is the fourth dimension, rather, he and Minkowski’s formulations imply that the fourth dimension, represented by x4 is equal to ict. * Or x4 = ict. I. The Derivation of Einstein’s Relativity from Moving Dimensions Theory * * * * The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. *This simple postulate and reality underlies Einstein’s two postulates of relativity, and it can be expressed mathematically as: dx4/dt =ic * * * * This equation agrees with Einstein. *Nowhere did Einstein ever say that time is the fourth dimension. *Rather he and Minkowski stated Or x4 = ict. * * * * Many trained physicists have a knee-jerk reaction that the fourth dimension cannot be moving because “dimensions cannot move.” But dimensions can and do move. *First off, since the universe is expanding, space-time is also expanding, demonstrating that dimensions are moving and expanding. *Secondly, general relativity demonstrates that massive objects warp space-time, meaning that as a massive object moves though space-time, it stretches space-time, showing again that space-time in one area can move, or deform, relative to space-time in another area. GR is a sound theory, backed up with multiple high- profile experiments, including the demonstration that starlight is bent by the sun and the verification that orbiting stars radiate energy in the form of gravity waves. Thus there exist neither philosophical nor physical barriers to the concept of moving dimensions, but for artificial ones within lazy minds. * * * * A curious sign of the times is that physicists will accept on blind faith the existence of ten, twenty, or thirty dimensions, dimensions that are curled up, or too small to measure, and yet they will reel in shock and horror at a perfectly obvious postulate—the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. *They are to be forgiven—it has been a long time since a simple postulate has been offered in the realm of physics, and the foreign nature of truth’s simple beauty is seen as a violent affront to the String Theorist’s convoluted sensibilities. * * * * Let us derive Einstein’s relativity and the Lorentz Transformations from MDT’s simple formula: Let D be the constant -ica+x4(a) and re-label u with t. *Then we have Dropping the arbitrary constant, we get: Or x4 = ict Armed with this simple and most remarkable result, we are ready to return to Einstein’s 1912 manuscript, and provide the motivation for a four-dimensional coordinate system where the fourth dimension is written as x4 = ict. In his 1912 manuscript on relativity, Einstein wrote: Derivation of the Lorentz Transformation The principle of the constancy of the velocity of light demands the existence of a reference system ∑ relative to which every light ray propagates in vacuum with velocity c. *According to the relativity principle, all reference system∑´ in uniform translation motion to *∑ must possess the same property. * Together with Laue, we call each such system “justified.” *Now we ask: What kind of transformation equations must obtain between the space-time coordinates x, y, z, t (with respect to ∑) and x´,y´,c´,t´ (with respect to ∑´) of the same point event so that the principle of the constancy of the velocity of light would hold with respect to both systems? We can further demand, without reducing their generality, that the transformation equations be homogeneous, because all that is needed for this is that the path described by the origin of ∑´ with respect to ∑ pass through the origin of ∑, and that the origin of time scales in ∑ and ∑´ be chosen in such a way that the clocks located at the origins of the systems ∑ and ∑´ *both read zero at the moment when the two points coincide. Suppose that at this moment of the coincidence of the two origins a vacuum light signal is sent from O or O´, which, according to the principle of the constancy of the velocity of light, propagates in a spherical wave with respect to both systems then the spatial points that are just reached by the signal at times t and t´ with respect to ∑ and ∑´, respectively, will be determined by the equations and This means that the equations and must be equivalent. *Thus, the transformation equations that we are seeking must be so constituted that the second equation turns into the first one if x´,y´,z´,t´ are replaced by their expressions in terms of x,y,c,t. *The transformation must therefore make the equation into an identity, where all that we know about the factor 2 for the time being is that it must not vanish. *But one can see that 2 must be independent of x, y, z, t, for otherwise the right-hand side divided by 2 could not be a homogeneous, complete function of second order in x,y,z,t after the substitution is carried out. For now we will examine the substitution for the case 2 *= 1 and we will show later that from a physical point of view this is the only case deserving of consideration. *Instead of (15), we then have: If one introduces the variable u´ = ict or u´ = ict´ in place of the time variables t, where i denotes the imaginary unit, one obtains, instead of (15a), the form Note that Einstein simply states “If one introduces the variable u´ = ict or u´ = ict´ in place of the time variables t,” but he does not state why this works. *MDT tells us why this works. *It works because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. *It works because x4 = ict and Einstein continues in his 1912 Manuscript: As is well known, this choice of time variables derives from Minkowski. *Its great significance consists in the fact that by means of it, equation (15a), which governs the substitution that we are seeking, is brought into a form into which the spatial coordinates and the temporal coordinate enter in the same manner. Let the coefficients of the substitution that we are seeking be denoted as in the accompanying array; the second horizontal row, for example, shall signify that the equation: Obviously, those from among these coefficients that do not contain the index “4” or contain it twice are real, the rest being purely imaginary. * * * * x * * * Y * * * Z * * * t x' * * * * * * * * * * * * y' * * * * * * * * * * * * z' * * * * * * * * * * * * t´ * * * * * * * * * * * Equation (15b) is satisfied identically when the following relations exist between the ... read more » Falling space. God is in control. Mitch Raemsch 
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#2
April 23rd 08
posted to sci.physics,sci.math,sci.physics.relativity,alt.philosophy,sci.physics.electromag
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Moving Dimensions Theory's simplicity: The fourth dimension is
MDT’s Fundamental Clues
Imagine a simple theory that explained and accounted for the following: 1. Light’s velocity is a constant c. 2. Light’s velocity c is independent of its source. 3. Nothing can travel faster than c. 4. A photon, which travels at c, does not age, defining simultaneity. 5. Energy and mass are equivalent. E=mc^2 6. Matter can appear as energy or mass. 7. When matter appears as energy, it propagates at c through space. 8. All matter has particle—local—and wave—nonlocal—properties. 9. All energy has particle—local—and wave—nonlocal—properties. 10. When matter appears as stationary mass, it propagates at c through the fourth dimension. 11. When matter appears as energy, it propagates at c through the fourth dimension. 12. To move at c through space is to stand still in the fourth dimension. 13. To move at c through the fourth dimension is to stand still in space. 14. All objects move at but one speed through spacetime—c. 15. The universe is expanding. 16. Radiation expands outwards, not inwards. 17. Entropy imitates the general motion of all radiation and the universe’s expansion—a spherically-symmetric expanding wave. 18. Huygen’s Principle, which underlies all reality ranging from QED to Feynman’s many-paths, to classical physics, states that every point of a spherically-expanding wavefront is in turn a spherically- expanding wavefront. 19. A photon is described by a spherically expanding wavefront propagating at c. 20. Two initially-interacting photons remain entangled, no matter how far they travel. 21. Two initially-interacting photons remain the exact same age as when they began, no matter how far they travel. 22. Young’s double-slit experiments show that mass and energy have nonlocal wave properties. 23. The collapse of the wave function is immediate in the photoelectric effect. 24. There is no way for an object to gain velocity without being reduced in length via relativistic length contraction. 25. A photon traces out a null vector through spacetime. 26. Time’s arrow points in a definitive direction. 27. Entropy increases. 28. Moving clocks run slow. 29. Time travel into the past is impossible. 30. Free will exists. 31. Time is not frozen—the block universe does not exist. 32. The velocity of probability is c, as a photon’s probabilistic wavefront travels at c. 33. The velocity of quantum entanglement is c. 34. In Schroedinger’s equation, the first derivative with respect to the fourth dimension is proportional two the second derivative with the respect to the three spatial dimensions. Any change in position in the fourth expanding dimension is an acceleration in the three spatial dimensions. 35. A photon emitted from the sun is redshifted as it travels away. Its wavelength appears longer as it is measured against space that is less-streched. A photon inherits the local geometry of the spacetime where it was emitted. Now imagine if there was one simple principle underlying and unifying all these clues with a fundamental physical model. That would be MDT: The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. dx4/dt = ic The fourth dimension expands at the rate of c. The fourth dimension has local and nonlocal properties. Photons surf the fourth expanding dimension. Energy is but matter trapped on the fourth expanding dimension. Hence E=mc^2. Relativity freezes the fourth dimension, whereas quantum mechanics is built upon its flux—hence the differential operators. Entropy and Huygen’s principle rest upon the fourth expanding dimension, as do all photons which surf its expanding wavefront. Nonlocality arises because the fourth dimension is nonlocal as it expands. Simultaneity is relative because our measurement of time is relative to our propagation with respect to the fourth expanding dimension. Time is not the fourth dimension, but a phenomenon that emerges because a fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. The block universe does not exist, as the past is but a memory of a state that is long since gone. Wave interference arises because of probability interference, and probability is defined by the expansion of the fourth dimension, which distributes the locality of a dimensions upon an spherically-symmetric wavefront, where all points yet are one point in that dimension; until the wave is measured, and the particle is localized in the three spatial dimensions. All motion requires that an object have a component in the source of all motion—the fourth expanding dimension. Hence all moving objects are foreshoterned. More at http://physicsforums.com Or just google Moving Dimensions Theory. On Apr 22, 9:43*pm, wrote: On Apr 22, 10:10*am, wrote: Moving Dimensions Theory by Dr. Ranger McCoy ABSTRACT Moving Dimensions Theory postulates that the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions, symbolized by the equation: dx4/dt =ic http://physicsmathforums.com MDT provides a physical model underlying both quantum mechanical and relativistic phenomenon. *The simple postulate accounts for quantum mechanics’ action-at-a-distance and relativity’s length contraction, as well as entanglement and the equivalence of mass and energy. *MDT provides a simple physical model showing that diverse dualities—wave/ particle, time/space, and mass/energy—all originate from the same principle. *MDT provides a physical model underlying entropy and unifying time’s thermodynamic, classical, quantum, and radiative arrows. *MDT provides a physical model accounting for the constant velocity of light, the fact that the maximum velocity through space is c, and the fact that c is independent of the velocity of the source, as MDT considers photons as matter surfing the fourth expanding dimension. *Nonlocality is accounted for by an expanding fourth dimension that is inherently nonlocal, and MDT shows that this fundamental expansion is the origin of quantum mechanic’s probability. *MDT provides a physical model for time—time is not the fourth dimension, but rather a phenomenon that emerges from a physical reality wherein the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. *The theory resolves the EPR paradox while also liberating us from the block universe implied by Einstein’s relativity. *Relativity freezes the expansion of the fourth dimension, only ever considering instantaneous snapshots of the universe. Quantum Mechanics treats the fourth dimension as a dynamical element. Hence quantum mechanics is a science defined by flux—by differential operators. I. MDT in Complete Agreement with Quantum Mechanics and Relativity Moving Dimensions Theory is in complete agreement with all experimental tests and phenomena associated with special and general relativity. MDT is in complete agreement with all physical phenomena as predicted by quantum mechanics and demonstrated in extensive experiments. The genius and novelty of MDT is that it presents a common physical model which shows that curious phenomena from both relativity and quantum mechanics derive from the same fundamental physical reality. Nowhere does String Theory (ST) nor Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) account for quantum entanglement nor relativistic time dilation. MDT shows these derive from the same underlying physical reality. Nowhere does ST nor LQG account for wave-particle duality nor relativistic length contraction. MDT shows these derive from the same underlying physical reality. Nowhere does ST nor LQG account for the constant speed of light, nor the independence of the speed of light on the velocity of the source, nor entropy, nor time's arrow. MDT shows these derive from the same underlying physical reality. Nowhere does String Theory nor Loop Quantum Gravity resolve the paradox of Godel's Block Universe which troubled Einstein. MDT resolves this paradox. *String Theory and LQG lack definitive equations, whereas MDT presents a simple equation: It will be shown that relativity can be derived from this simple equation, as we return to Einstein’s original work. *It will be noted that Einstein never stated that time is the fourth dimension, rather, he and Minkowski’s formulations imply that the fourth dimension, represented by x4 is equal to ict. * Or x4 = ict. I. The Derivation of Einstein’s Relativity from Moving Dimensions Theory * * * * The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. *This simple postulate and reality underlies Einstein’s two postulates of relativity, and it can be expressed mathematically as: dx4/dt =ic * * * * This equation agrees with Einstein. *Nowhere did Einstein ever say that time is the fourth dimension. *Rather he and Minkowski stated Or x4 = ict. * * * * Many trained physicists have a knee-jerk reaction that the fourth dimension cannot be moving because “dimensions cannot move.” But dimensions can and do move. *First off, since the universe is expanding, space-time is also expanding, demonstrating that dimensions are moving and expanding. *Secondly, general relativity demonstrates that massive objects warp space-time, meaning that as a massive object moves though space-time, it stretches space-time, showing again that space-time in one area can move, or deform, relative to space-time in another area. GR is a sound theory, backed up with multiple high- profile experiments, including the demonstration that starlight is bent by the sun and the verification that orbiting stars radiate energy in the form of gravity waves. Thus there exist neither philosophical nor physical barriers to the concept of moving dimensions, but for artificial ones within lazy minds. * * * * A curious sign of the times is that physicists will accept on blind faith the existence of ten, twenty, or thirty dimensions, dimensions that are curled up, or too small to measure, and yet they will reel in shock and horror at a perfectly obvious postulate—the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. *They are to be forgiven—it has been a long time since a simple postulate has been offered in the realm of physics, and the foreign nature of truth’s simple beauty is seen as a violent affront to the String Theorist’s convoluted sensibilities. * * * * Let us derive Einstein’s relativity and the Lorentz Transformations from MDT’s simple formula: Let D be the constant -ica+x4(a) and re-label u with t. *Then we have Dropping the arbitrary constant, we get: Or x4 = ict Armed with this simple and most remarkable result, we are ready to return to Einstein’s 1912 manuscript, and provide the motivation for a four-dimensional coordinate system where the fourth dimension is written as x4 = ict. In his 1912 manuscript on relativity, Einstein wrote: Derivation of the Lorentz Transformation The principle of the constancy of the velocity of light demands the existence of a reference system ∑ relative to which every light ray propagates in vacuum with velocity c. *According to the relativity principle, all reference system∑´ in uniform translation motion to *∑ must possess the same property. * Together with Laue, we call each such system “justified.” *Now we ask: What kind of transformation equations must obtain between the space-time coordinates x, y, z, t (with respect to ∑) and x´,y´,c´,t´ (with respect to ∑´) of the same point event so that the principle of the constancy of the velocity of light would hold with respect to both systems? We can further demand, without reducing their generality, that the transformation equations be homogeneous, because all that is needed for this is that the path described by the origin of ∑´ with respect to ∑ pass through the origin of ∑, and that the origin of time scales in ∑ and ∑´ be chosen in such a way that the clocks located at the origins of the systems ∑ and ∑´ *both read zero at the moment when the two points coincide. Suppose that at this moment of the coincidence of the two origins a vacuum light signal is sent from O or O´, which, according to the principle of the constancy of the velocity of light, propagates in a spherical wave with respect to both systems then the spatial points that are just reached by the signal at times t and t´ with respect to ∑ and ∑´, respectively, will be determined by the equations and This means that the equations and must be equivalent. *Thus, the transformation equations that we are seeking must be so constituted that the second equation turns into the first one if x´,y´,z´,t´ are replaced by their expressions in terms of x,y,c,t. *The transformation must therefore make the equation into an identity, where all that we know about the factor 2 for the time being is that it must not vanish. *But one can see that 2 must be independent of x, y, z, t, for otherwise the right-hand side divided by 2 could not be a homogeneous, complete function of second order in x,y,z,t after the substitution is carried out. For now we will examine the substitution for the case 2 *= 1 and we will show later that from a physical point of view this is the only case deserving of consideration. *Instead of (15), we then have: If one introduces the variable u´ = ict or u´ = ict´ in place of the time variables t, where i denotes the imaginary unit, one obtains, instead of (15a), the form Note that Einstein simply states “If one introduces the variable u´ = ict or u´ = ict´ in place of the time variables t,” but he does not state why this works. *MDT tells us why this works. *It works because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. *It works because x4 = ict and Einstein continues in his 1912 Manuscript: As is well known, this choice of time variables derives from Minkowski. *Its great significance consists in the fact that by means of it, equation (15a), which governs the substitution that we are seeking, is brought into a form into which the spatial coordinates and the temporal coordinate enter in the same manner. Let the coefficients of the substitution that we are seeking be denoted as in the accompanying array; the second horizontal row, for example, shall signify ... read more »- Hide quoted text - - Show quoted text -
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#3
April 24th 08
posted to sci.physics,sci.math,sci.physics.relativity,alt.philosophy,sci.physics.electromag
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Moving Dimensions Theory's simplicity: The fourth dimension is
Moving Dimensions Theory & A Dialogue With Roger Penrose
Based on, with Dr. E!: http://www.fortunecity.com/emachines.../flowtime.html Physicist : Einstein's Theory of Relativity was really the death-knell for the old concepts of space and time. Einstein showed that Absolute Space and Absolute Time could not exist any longer. Narrator : According to the Theory of Relativity, space and time were no longer a rigid framework but were instead a fabric which could be stretched and distorted. Dr. E: In other words, dimensions can and do move. Physicist : Normally we think of a black hole, a collapsed star, as being a point of zero size and infinite density surrounded by what's known as the event horizon, the point of no return. But most stars actually spin, and when they collapse they will begin to spin more rapidly. And the spinning star that becomes a spinning black hole doesn't have a point, a singularity in the centre; its singularity looks like a ring, a dough-nut. One possibility was that maybe we could travel into a black hole, avoid the singularity, and travel through the middle and come out the other side. Because space and time were linked, you would not only have to come out in another point in space, but in time as well. This sounds like it would be the ultimate freedom for us that we can time travel; Einstein gives us this wonderful freedom of moving back, changing history, going to the future, seeing what things are like and coming back again, finding what mistakes we might make and then avoid them. This would imply that the past, present and future all exist. There is no present moment to distinguish past from future. All times co-exist, time just is. And so the future is already out there. The only way to understand this was to link the 3 dimensions of space with the one dimension of time to what became known as 4-dimensional space/time. Dr. E: Time travel into the past is impossible. Otherwise we would have met visitsors from the future. Never did Einstein, nor Minkowski, say that time is the fourth dimension. Rather, Einstein equated the fourth dimension x4 with x4 = ict. Hence MDTs simple postulate and equation: dx4/dt = ic. Roger Penrose : Space-time is certainly different stuff from space because its 4 dimensional instead of 3-D (RP larfs!) which is a big diff. Time really has to be brought into the picture; this one thing which is space/time. Dr. E: MDT shows that time, as measured by the ticking seconds on our watches, and remembered in our memories, is not the fourth dimension, but rather it is a phenonomen that emerges because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Never did Einstein, nor Minkowski, say that time is the fourth dimension. Rather, Einstein equated the fourth dimension x4 with x4 = ict. Hence MDTs simple postulate and equation: dx4/dt = ic. Physicist : Just imagine what this might be like: 3-D space implies a volume, and you can move any where in that volume. Once you add time as a 4th dimension, another axis, then this block of space/time would contain within it past, present and future, all at once. Time is frozen, all times exist together; so just as you can say "over here, over there" in 3-D space, you can talk about "over then", in 4-D space/ time. Dr. E: This is exactly where physicists are lead astray. Time is not a fourth dimension, but it inherits properties of the fourth dimension, which is expanding at c relative to the three spatial dimensions. Physicists extrapolate this fact to believe that the past and future exist out there. But in reality, the deepest we ever get into the expanding fourth dimension is on the order of the Planck length. Roger Penrose : It's a way of looking at things if you like which physically we seem to be forced into. I say physically from the point of view of what the theory of rel. tells us. And Relativity is remarkably well tested, I mean, 14 places of decimal, its just incredible. So we know that this theory does describe the universe to an extraordinarily precise degree, so we have to take it seriously. And that theory tells us that we have to regard space and time as one thing, its all out there, its one thing. In the same sense that space is out there, time is out there. Dr. E: Space and time are not the same thing. This is obvious to everyone. We can translate freely through space, but we cannot move at all through time. MDT shows that time, as measured by the ticking seconds on our watches, and remembered in our memories, is not the fourth dimension, but rather it is a phenonomen that emerges because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Never did Einstein, nor Minkowski, say that time is the fourth dimension. Rather, Einstein equated the fourth dimension x4 with x4 = ict. Hence MDTs simple postulate and equation: dx4/dt = ic. Narrator : Like the Medieval God's-view of time, Einstein's physics says that the future is already out there. The moments of our lives are just waiting for us to step into them. Dr. E: No. Read Einsteins 1912 Manuscript on Relativity. Never did Einstein, nor Minkowski, say that time is the fourth dimension. Rather, Einstein equated the fourth dimension x4 with x4 = ict. Hence MDTs simple postulate and equation: dx4/dt = ic. Roger Penrose : But there's no more problem about the future being out there than saying that space is out there. You say, "Mars is out there", but why is that more comprehensible than saying "next week is out there"? Its just as far away in a certain sense. Dr. E: This is wrong. Read Einsteins 1912 Manuscript on Realtivity. Never did Einstein, nor Minkowski, say that time is the fourth dimension. Rather, Einstein equated the fourth dimension x4 with x4 = ict. Hence MDTs simple postulate and equation: dx4/dt = ic. Physicist : If you take this block of 4-D space/time literally, it means you have to abandon free will. It means not only is the future pre-ordained, but its already there, its already happened. There's no point in making any decisions, whatever you do has already happened. If I choose to drop this stone into a pond, I think of it being my own free choice, but of course in 4-D space/time I had no choice in dropping the stone ; the splash is already there in the future and so we lose all free will. If time travel was possible, you can imagine people coming back from the future to visit us; its no good us saying, "you cant exist - you haven't happened yet".They've come from a time which they consider to be their 'now' and for them we're in their path. Dr. E: But we do have free will. Quantum Mechanics and relativity both support this, as does reality. Read Einsteins 1912 Manuscript on Realtivity. Never did Einstein, nor Minkowski, say that time is the fourth dimension. Rather, Einstein equated the fourth dimension x4 with x4 = ict. Hence MDTs simple postulate and equation: dx4/dt = ic. Roger Penrose : So this means that in a sense, the present past and future are out there, and that also gives us a very deterministic view of the world. We have no control of what happens in the future because its all laid out. I think the trouble that people have with this idea is that you think the future is under your control, to some degree, and so this means that if the future's laid out then in a sense its not under your control. Dr. E: But we do have free will. Quantum Mechanics and relativity both support this, as does reality. Read Einsteins 1912 Manuscript on Realtivity. Never did Einstein, nor Minkowski, say that time is the fourth dimension. Rather, Einstein equated the fourth dimension x4 with x4 = ict. Hence MDTs simple postulate and equation: dx4/dt = ic. Physicist : Personally I'm very uncomfortable about the block universe idea. Now this may be just a gut feeling or just irrational, but can't accept the future's already 'out there'. I don't accept that I don't have any free will. Roger Penrose : I think there is a positive side to this picture of space and time being laid out there as 4 dimensions, because it tells you that all times are there once and it can affect the way one thinks about people who have died. I mean, I remember thinking in this kind of way when my mother died. In some sense she was still there because her existence is still out there in space/time although in our time she is not alive. A colleague of mine had a son who died in tragic circumstances and I presented this idea to him and it helped his understanding also. This was before I heard that Einstein had a colleague died and he wrote to the man's wife that Bessa was still out there, and that somehow this was reassuring. I certainly think this way often, that space/time is laid out and that things in the past and things in the future are out there still. Dr. E: But we do have free will. Quantum Mechanics and relativity both support this, as does reality. Read Einsteins 1912 Manuscript on Realtivity. Never did Einstein, nor Minkowski, say that time is the fourth dimension. Rather, Einstein equated the fourth dimension x4 with x4 = ict. Hence MDTs simple postulate and equation: dx4/dt = ic. Narrator : But almost at the same time that Relativity was gaining universal acceptance a radically different picture of the universe was emerging. Physicist : The way out if you don't want to accept the block universe idea is quantum mechanics.Now, Quantum Mechanics is the second great discovery of the 20th century physics and that states that the future isn't predetermined and preordained. Narrator : Quantum Mechanics was born out of a series of experiments whose results even today have no satisfactory explanation. Relativity works at the large scale where it provides exact predictions as to what will happen next. But when physicists started looking down at the atomic and sub-atomic level, the familiar laws failed. At this level, there were no certainties, only probabilities. How can the future of the universe be already out there if the future of a single molecule is so utterly unpredictable? Dr. E: MDT gives a satisfactory account of all of Quantum Mechanical phenonema. In addition to underlying relativity, dx4/dt = ic also underlies QMs inherent nonlocality, which results in probability. The expanding fourth dimension distributes and disperses locality in a nonlocal manner. A single point becomes a sphere, as the fourth dimension expands as a spherically-symmetric wavefront of radius ct, describing exactly the propagation of a photons probabilistic wavefront. The act of measurement localizes the particle which was hitherto caught in an expanding dimension, where all points were at the same point in that dimension. Physicist : Before we look to see what the atom is doing, not only is there a gap in our knowledge, the atom itself has not decided what to do. It had an infinite number of choices to make, it will be doing all those choices all at once, and its only when we look to see what is happening do we force it to make a choice. In Quantum Mechanics the future is not determined, and so Quantum Mechanics in a sense rescues us and rescues free will. Roger Penrose : In a sense you don't have the future laid out in Quantum Mechanics So Quantum Mechanics is basically different in the way we look at it. You do have this indeterminacy about the future and a necessary feature of this is its incompatibility with Special Relativity. So we have these 2 great theories, both of which are extremely accurate, tell us something about how the world operates, something very insightful and profound and accurate, but they're incompatible with each other. So there's no doubt there's something missing here. How important it is to how we 'feel' the passage of time is I think very important. Dr. E: nothe two theories are exactly compatible. The Curious Nature of the Photon, Einstein's Annus Mirabilis, and Moving Dimensions Theory As the contemplation of the photon lead to both quantum mechanics and relativity, let us also begin by contemplating the photon. Einstein's revolutionary 1905 papers included one devoted to the photoelectric effect-the quantized nature of the photon, and another devoted to the electrodynamics of moving bodies-electromagnetic radiation, relativity, and the wave properties of the photon. Another paper discussed statistical mechanics in the form of Brownian Motion, and the final paper commented on the equivalence of mass and energy, as denoted with his famous equation, E=mc2. Moving Dimensions Theory underlies and unifies all of Einstein's 1905 papers with its simple postulate-the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Picture the emission of a photon in free space. Once second later, the photon has equal probability of being found anywhere upon a sphere with a radius of 186,000 miles, as c, the velocity of light, equals 186,000 miles per second. If we covered the surface of the sphere with detectors, one, and only one, would click. And the photon, although traveling 186,000 miles through space, will not have aged one iota, for time stops at the speed of light. The photon will have traveled 186,000 miles through the three spatial dimensions, and yet it will not have moved one iota in the fourth dimension. And there lies our first clue to moving dimensions theory. For how can a photon propagate 186,000 in the three spatial dimensions, and yet not budge an inch in the fourth dimension, unless that fourth dimension is expanding? Ergo, the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Consider two interacting photons that propagate in opposite directions. One second later, each photon's polarization is measured at detectors separated by 372,000 miles. According to the laws of quantum mechanics and numerous supporting experiments, the measurement at one detector instantaneously affects the measurement at the second detector. It is as if the photons are yet side-by-side for all intents and purposes. This "spooky action at a distance," as Einstein called it, is not so spooky in the context of moving dimensions theory, for MDT states that although separated by 372,000 miles, the photons are yet in the exact same place in the fourth dimension, as the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. So it is that quantum phenomena on the photonic level, as well as relativistic phenomena on the photonic level, are both accounted for with simple elegance via MDT: the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Another paper Einstein penned in 1905 was devoted to Brownian Motion and statistical mechanics. Drop a thimbleful of food coloring in a pool. The laws of statistical mechanics dictate that it will spread out throughout the entire pool, and never again reassemble in a localized region. That everything tends towards random disorder is a fundamental law of physics, and too, it can be accounted for by moving dimensions theory. As the fundamental motion of the universe is the expansion of the fourth dimension relative to the three spatial dimensions, two photons originating from a common origin will harbor a vast probability of being found at great distances from one another one second later-distances far greater than the distance that separates them at their emission. This is because each one has an equal probability of being found anywhere upon the surface of a spherically-symmetric wave front of probability, corresponding to the wave front of the fourth expanding dimension. Recall our system of detectors placed everywhere through the surface of a sphere with a radius of 186,000 miles-each photon has an equal chance of being found at any detector after one second, and chances are that the detectors will be farther apart than the distance of 0 that defines the photon's common origin. Hence entropy. Entropy arises because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. All particles undergoing thermal vibrations interact with photons, and all photons reside in the fourth expanding dimension, dragging all of entirety into random disorder. Yet another paper published by Einstein in his "Miraculous Year" (anna mirabilis), was devoted to the equivalence of mass and energy. Think about the fascinating physical reality implied by E=mc2. A kilogram of gold or lead or feathers sitting on a desktop is the same thing as 9x1016 joules of energy-an exorbitant amount of energy-enough to power, or to destroy, a major city. How is it that a stationary mass possesses such a great energy? It is because the m**** which is stationary in the three spatial dimensions, is yet propagating through the fourth dimension at the rate of c. This is because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions, and matter trapped in the fourth expanding dimension appears at photons. Furthermore, as noted earlier, the photons will propagate at the rate of c through the three spatial dimensions, and yet they will never age- they will stay in a fixed place in the fourth expanding dimension. The primary invariant is c-all matter and/or photons-be it propagating through space or time, or some combination thereof, always, always moves at the rate of c. To be stationary in space means to propagate at the rate of c through time. To be stationary in time means to propagate at the rate of c through space. This is because the fourth dimension is expanding at the rate of c relative to the three spatial dimensions. Most objects share motion between space and time, but the overall velocity of propagation through space-time is fixed at c-this primary invariance can never change. And so it is that Moving Dimensions Theory underlies and unifies the papers Einstein Published during his Annus Mirabilis-his "miraculous year." I highly recommend Harvard University Press's Einstein 1905: The Standard of Greatness (Hardcover) by John S. Rigden, about wchich Publisher's Weekly writes, "The year 2005 will be the centenary of Einstein's annus mirabilis, when he published the five papers that marked him as one of the greatest scientists of all time. Washington University professor Rigden (Hydrogen: The Essential Element) sits readers down in front of his white board and explains what Einstein said in each of these papers, what was significant in them and how the scientific community reacted (not very well, in most cases-for a while). Einstein started off with a bang: in March he proposed that light was not a continuous wave, but was made up of particles. In April he finished what became his dissertation, on how to determine the size of molecules in a liquid (that may not sound very exciting, but this is one of Einstein's most cited papers). In May he wrote his paper on Brownian motion, and then in June came the summit of his achievements that year: the paper proposing his principles of relativity and the consistency of the speed of light (commonly known as the Special Theory of Relativity). Finally, almost as an afterthought, in September came the three-page paper that unleashed his now-famous equation, e=mc2, upon an unsuspecting world. Rigden writes with a rare felicity, free of jargon and with everyday metaphors that Einstein himself would no doubt have appreciated." I encourage everyone to read Einstein's and Bohr's and Heisenberg's and Dirac's original papers, and contrast their majestic elegance, eloquence, reason, and logic to the snarky death threats and crackpot indexes manufactured by today's "best and brightest," and the accompanying silence from their established elders-the founders of string theory's oppressive regime. This book looks back to the giants of yesteryear with deep honor and reverence, so that tomorrow's physics might advance in the spirit of simple Truth and Beauty. Every effort will be maintained to demonstrate that true physics is marked by grace and simplicity, as opposed to obfuscation and bullying. Moving Dimensions Theory is an idea whose time has come, and ideas are bulletproof. http://physicsmathforums.com Narrator : The tragedy of modern physics is that it explains so much of the objective universe but at the cost of what we subjectively feel; about our conscious free will and our feeling that time does flow. Faun Flynn : I very much think there's a flow to time. If you consider what music would be like if there was no flow to time. You couldn't have music if you didn't have memory, or if you didn't have an expectation generated by that memory. You'd have an isolated note in the 'now'. Music unfolds in time in such a way that we have a memory of what we've heard, and this memory conditions to what we expect. This of course is something that everybody is familiar with, because if you hear ( 7 note scale played on piano) you have a very strong expectation that the next note will be (plays final octave note of scale) . Music is a distillation or a side-effect of that mental faculty we employ to perceive time, and things changing in time. Roger Penrose : The question of the passage of time is something the scientists have rather set aside, and taking the view that its not really physics, it's a subjective issue; and subjective questions are not part of science. Now when you start talking about phenomena like one's own perception of the passage of time, then that is a subjective thing. And that's almost a taboo subject for science because it's subjective. The physical world at least according to Relativity, is out there, and there is no flow of time, it's just there; whereas our feeling (we have this feeling of the passage of time) are intimately connected to our perceptions. Dr. E: No longer shall time be a taboo subject for physics. MDT shows that time, as measured by the ticking seconds on our watches, and remembered in our memories, is not the fourth dimension, but rather it is a phenonomen that emerges because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Never did Einstein, nor Minkowski, say that time is the fourth dimension. Rather, Einstein equated the fourth dimension x4 with x4 = ict. Hence MDTs simple postulate and equation: dx4/dt = ic. Physicist : We have this subjective feeling, that time goes by, but physicists would argue this is just an illusion. Roger Penrose : Yes I think physicists would agree that the feeling of time passing is simply an illusion, something that is not real. It has something to do with our perceptions. Dr. E: Time is very real; both in physics and in ever day life. MDT shows that time, as measured by the ticking seconds on our watches, and remembered in our memories, is not the fourth dimension, but rather it is a phenonomen that emerges because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Never did Einstein, nor Minkowski, say that time is the fourth dimension. Rather, Einstein equated the fourth dimension x4 with x4 = ict. Hence MDTs simple postulate and equation: dx4/dt = ic. Narrator : Illusion or not, our perceptions emerge somewhere between the cosmic scale of Relativity where the flow of time is frozen and the quantum scale, where flow descends to uncertainty.Our world is on a scale governed by a mixture of chance and necessity. Roger Penrose : My view is that there is some large scale quantum activity going on in the brain.Physics does not say that Quantum Mechanics takes place in small areas, but also take place over larger areas. I think this has to do with the consciousness. I think we need a new way to look at time, not either Quantum Mechanics or Relativity. Narrator : If Quantum Mechanics is taking place in the brain then the same randomness of outcome and unpredictability might explain our ability to make sometime random choices. Opening up the future to the possibility of change would provide the first step of restoring to physics the flow of time it currently denies. Physicist : I don't think time flows, I feel that time flows, but I feel we can only understand this if we have a better understanding of how consciousness works. I think human consciousness probably has the secrets as to how and why we think of time as going by. Roger Penrose : I don't think we have the tools, I don't think we have the physical picture to accommodate these things yet. We're not very close to it. Dr. E: MDT presents those new tools. MDT shows that time, as measured by the ticking seconds on our watches, and remembered in our memories, is not the fourth dimension, but rather it is a phenonomen that emerges because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Never did Einstein, nor Minkowski, say that time is the fourth dimension. Rather, Einstein equated the fourth dimension x4 with x4 = ict. Hence MDTs simple postulate and equation: dx4/dt = ic. Based on, http://www.fortunecity.com/emachines... flowtime.html with Dr. E!: On Apr 23, 1:10*pm, wrote: MDTs Fundamental Clues Imagine a simple theory that explained and accounted for the following: 1. * * *Lights velocity is a constant c. 2. * * *Lights velocity c is independent of its source. 3. * * *Nothing can travel faster than c. 4. * * *A photon, which travels at c, does not age, defining simultaneity. 5. * * *Energy and mass are equivalent. *E=mc^2 6. * * *Matter can appear as energy or mass. 7. * * *When matter appears as energy, it propagates at c through space. 8. * * *All matter has particlelocaland wavenonlocalproperties. 9. * * *All energy has particlelocaland wavenonlocalproperties. 10. * * When matter appears as stationary mass, it propagates at c through the fourth dimension. 11. * * When matter appears as energy, it propagates at c through the fourth dimension. 12. * * To move at c through space is to stand still in the fourth dimension. 13. * * To move at c through the fourth dimension is to stand still in space. 14. * * All objects move at but one speed through spacetimec. 15. * * The universe is expanding. 16. * * Radiation expands outwards, not inwards. 17. * * Entropy imitates the general motion of all radiation and the universes expansiona spherically-symmetric expanding wave. 18. * * Huygens Principle, which underlies all reality ranging from QED to Feynmans many-paths, to classical physics, states that every point of a spherically-expanding wavefront is in turn a spherically- expanding wavefront. 19. * * A photon is described by a spherically expanding wavefront propagating at c. 20. * * Two initially-interacting photons remain entangled, no matter how far they travel. 21. * * Two initially-interacting photons remain the exact same age as when they began, no matter how far they travel. 22. * * Youngs double-slit experiments show that mass and energy have nonlocal wave properties. 23. * * The collapse of the wave function is immediate in the photoelectric effect. 24. * * There is no way for an object to gain velocity without being reduced in length via relativistic length contraction. 25. * * A photon traces out a null vector through spacetime. 26. * * Times arrow points in a definitive direction. 27. * * Entropy increases. 28. * * Moving clocks run slow. 29. * * Time travel into the past is impossible. 30. * * Free will exists. 31. * * Time is not frozenthe block universe does not exist. 32. * * The velocity of probability is c, as a photons probabilistic wavefront travels at c. 33. * * The velocity of quantum entanglement is c. 34. * * In Schroedingers equation, the first derivative with respect to the fourth dimension is proportional two the second derivative with the respect to the three spatial dimensions. *Any change in position in the fourth expanding dimension is an acceleration in the three spatial dimensions. 35. * * A photon emitted from the sun is redshifted as it travels away.. Its wavelength appears longer as it is measured against space that is less-streched. A photon inherits the local geometry of the spacetime where it was emitted. Now imagine if there was one simple principle underlying and unifying all these clues with a fundamental physical model. *That would be MDT: The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * dx4/dt = ic * * * * The fourth dimension expands at the rate of c. The fourth dimension has local and nonlocal properties. Photons surf the fourth expanding dimension. Energy is but matter trapped on the fourth expanding dimension. *Hence E=mc^2. Relativity freezes the fourth dimension, whereas quantum mechanics is built upon its fluxhence the differential operators. Entropy and Huygens principle rest upon the fourth expanding dimension, as do all photons which surf its expanding wavefront. Nonlocality arises because the fourth dimension is nonlocal as it expands. Simultaneity is relative because our measurement of time is relative to our propagation with respect to the fourth expanding dimension. Time is not the fourth dimension, but a phenomenon that emerges because a fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. The block universe does not exist, as the past is but a memory of a state that is long since gone. Wave interference arises because of probability interference, and probability is defined by the expansion of the fourth dimension, which distributes the locality of a dimensions upon an spherically-symmetric wavefront, where all points yet are one point in that dimension; until the wave is measured, and the particle is localized in the three spatial dimensions. All motion requires that an object have a component in the source of all motionthe fourth expanding dimension. *Hence all moving objects are foreshoterned. More athttp://physicsforums.com Or just google Moving Dimensions Theory. On Apr 22, 9:43*pm, wrote: On Apr 22, 10:10*am, wrote: Moving Dimensions Theory by Dr. Ranger McCoy ABSTRACT Moving Dimensions Theory postulates that the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions, symbolized by the equation: dx4/dt =ic http://physicsmathforums.com MDT provides a physical model underlying both quantum mechanical and relativistic phenomenon. *The simple postulate accounts for quantum mechanics action-at-a-distance and relativitys length contraction, as well as entanglement and the equivalence of mass and energy. *MDT provides a simple physical model showing that diverse dualitieswave/ particle, time/space, and mass/energyall originate from the same principle. *MDT provides a physical model underlying entropy and unifying times thermodynamic, classical, quantum, and radiative arrows. *MDT provides a physical model accounting for the constant velocity of light, the fact that the maximum velocity through space is c, and the fact that c is independent of the velocity of the source, as MDT considers photons as matter surfing the fourth expanding dimension. *Nonlocality is accounted for by an expanding fourth dimension that is inherently nonlocal, and MDT shows that this fundamental expansion is the origin of quantum mechanics probability. *MDT provides a physical model for timetime is not the fourth dimension, but rather a phenomenon that emerges from a physical reality wherein the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. *The theory resolves the EPR paradox while also liberating us from the block universe implied by Einsteins relativity. *Relativity freezes the expansion of the fourth dimension, only ever considering instantaneous snapshots of the universe. Quantum Mechanics treats the fourth dimension as a dynamical element. Hence quantum mechanics is a science defined by fluxby differential operators. I. MDT in Complete Agreement with Quantum Mechanics and Relativity Moving Dimensions Theory is in complete agreement with all experimental tests and phenomena associated with special and general relativity. MDT is in complete agreement with all physical phenomena as predicted by quantum mechanics and demonstrated in extensive experiments. The genius and novelty of MDT is that it presents a common physical model which shows that curious phenomena from both relativity and quantum mechanics derive from the same fundamental physical reality. Nowhere does String Theory (ST) nor Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) account for quantum entanglement nor relativistic time dilation. MDT shows these derive from the same underlying physical reality. Nowhere does ST nor LQG account for wave-particle duality nor relativistic length contraction. MDT shows these derive from the same underlying physical reality. Nowhere does ST nor LQG account for the constant speed of light, nor the independence of the speed of light on the velocity of the source, nor entropy, nor time's arrow. MDT shows these derive from the same underlying physical reality. Nowhere does String Theory nor Loop Quantum Gravity resolve the paradox of Godel's Block Universe which troubled Einstein. MDT resolves this paradox. *String Theory and LQG lack definitive equations, whereas MDT presents a simple equation: It will be shown that relativity can be derived from this simple equation, as we return to Einsteins original work. *It will be noted that Einstein never stated that time is the fourth dimension, rather, he and Minkowskis formulations imply that the fourth dimension, represented by x4 is equal to ict. * Or x4 = ict. I. The Derivation of Einsteins Relativity from Moving Dimensions Theory * * * * The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. *This simple postulate and reality underlies Einsteins two postulates of relativity, and it can be expressed mathematically as: dx4/dt =ic * * * * This equation agrees with Einstein. *Nowhere did Einstein ever say that time is the fourth dimension. *Rather he and Minkowski stated Or x4 = ict. * * * * Many trained physicists have a knee-jerk reaction that the fourth dimension cannot be moving because dimensions cannot move. But dimensions can and do move. *First off, since the universe is expanding, space-time is also expanding, demonstrating that dimensions are moving and expanding. *Secondly, general relativity demonstrates that massive objects warp space-time, meaning that as a massive object moves though space-time, it stretches space-time, showing again that space-time in one area can move, or deform, relative to space-time in another area. GR is a sound theory, backed up with multiple high- profile experiments, including the demonstration that starlight is bent by the sun and the verification that orbiting stars radiate energy ... read more - Hide quoted text - - Show quoted text -
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April 24th 08
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Moving Dimensions Theory's simplicity: The fourth dimension is
MDT underlies the fundamental propagation of a photon.
A photon is ageless because it stays in the exact same place in the fourth expanding. A photon's probability distibution expands at the rate of c in spherically symmetric manner because the fourth dimension expands at the rate of c in a spherically symmetric manner. A photon has no rest mass because none of it is at rest in the three stationary spatial dimensions--all a photon's mass exists entriely in the fourth dimension. MDT underlies the fundamental postulate of quantum electrodynamics - that wavefunctions of every object propagate over any and all allowed (unobstructed) paths from the source to the given point. All paths have a probaility of being followed because of the fundamental nature of a fourth dimension that is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. The probability distribution of the photon expands at the rate of c. After a photon is emitted, the spherical wavefront that defines its probability for being found at any point has a radius of 186,000 miles. This is the net result of billions and billions of quantum expansions of the fourth dimension, and during each expansion, the photon had an equal chance of being found anywhere on the surface of the net sphere, which is the sum total of billions upon billions of smaller spheres. These diagrams illustrate the basis of Huygen's Principle: http://www-laep.ced.berkeley.edu/~i...site/index.html MDT describes the fundamental motion of the unvierse. From the simple postulate: "The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions," captured in the simple equation d(x4)/dt=ic, the following emerges: Huygen'sPrinciple The fundamental postulate of quantum electrodynamics that wavefunctions of every object propagate over any and all allowed (unobstructed) paths from the source to the given point. Time Entropy Action at a Distance Double slit interference Relativity Length Contraction Time Dilation The equivalence of mass and energy: E=mc^2: Energy is but matter caught upon the fourth expanding dimension. Time's Radiative Arrow Time's Thermodynamic Arrow And finally, the goal of physics is ultimately to describe physical reality. We live in a universe whose physical reality is that the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. MDT & Brian Greenes Elegant Universe In An Elegant Universe, Brian Greene almost characterizes Moving Dimensions Theorys deeper reality, but falls just short. Einstein found that precisely this ideathe sharing of motion between different dimensionsunderlies all of the remarkable physics of special relativity, so long as we realize that not only can spatial dimensions share an objects motion, but the time dimension can share this motion as well. In fact, in the majority of circumstances, most of an objects motion is through time, not space. Lets see what this means. Space, Time, and the Eye of the Beholder, An Elegant Universe, Brian Greene, p. 49 Right here Brian almost grasps MDT. But time is not a dimension. Time is an emergent phenomena that arises because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at the rate of c. Lets rewrite Brians paragraph as it should be written: Einstein found that precisely this ideathe sharing of motion between different dimensionsunderlies all of the remarkable physics of special relativity, so long as we realize that not only can spatial dimensions share an objects motion, but the time dimension can share this motion as well. In fact, in the majority of circumstances, most of an objects motion is through the fourth dimension, not the three spatial dimensions. Lets see what this means. Space, Time, and the Eye of the Beholder, An Elegant Universe, Brian Greene, p. 49 Most objects are traveling far less than c through the three spatial dimensions. Thus most objects are traveling close to the rate of c through the fourth dimension. To be stationary in the three spatial dimensions implies a velocity of c through the fourth dimension. Ergo the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. To be stationary in the fourth dimensions, as is a photon, implies a velocity of c through the three spatial dimensions. Ergo the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. dx(4)/dt = ic Brian Greene continues: Motion through space is a concept we learn about early in life. Although we often dont think of things in such terms, we also learn that we, our friends, our belongings, and so forth all move through time, as well. When we look at a clock or a wris****ch, even while we idly sit and watch TV, the reading on the watch is constantly changing, constantly moving forward in time. We and everything around us are aging, inevitably passing from one moment of time to the next. In fact, the mathematician Hermann Minkowski, and ultimately Einstein as well, advocated thinking about time as another dimension of the universethe fourth dimensionin some ways quite similar to the three spatial dimensions in which we find ourselves immersed. Space, Time, and the Eye of the Beholder, An Elegant Universe, Brian Greene, p. 49 What Greene misses is that the time measured on your watchthe ticking secondsis not the fourth dimension, but it is a phenomenon that emerges because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. The time measured on a clock or watch relies on the emission and propagation of photons, be it in the context of an unwinding clock spring or an oscillating quartz crystal, or even the beating of a heart. And photons are matter that surf the fourth expanding dimension. As time is so inextricably wed to the emission and propagation of photons, and as photons are matter caught in the fourth expanding dimension, our notion of time inherits properties of the fourth expanding dimension. But the fact is that time emerges from a deeper physical realitya fourth dimension that is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Brian Green continues on, heading off in the wrong direction that just misses the central postulate of MDT: Although it sounds abstract, the notion of time as a dimension is actually concretes. But it is not. Can you move to where your watch reads three seconds back in time? Or can you move to where your watch reads an hour back in time? We can walk left or right. We can climb up or down. We can move forwards or backwards. But we cant move through time like we can through the three spatial dimensions. This is because time, as measured on our watch, is not the fourth dimension, but it is a construct we have devised which is based on the fundamental fact that the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions, governing the emission and propagation of photons. Brian Green continues on, When we want to meet someone, we tell them where in space we will expect to see themfor instance, the 9th floor of the building on the corner of 53rd Street and 7th avenue. There are three pieces of information here (9th floor, 53rd Street, 7th avenue) reflecting a particular location in the three spatial dimensions of the universe. Equally important, however, is our expectation of when we expect to meet themfor instance, at 3 PM. This piece of information tells us where in time our meeting will take place. Events are therefore specified by four pieces of information: three in space and one in time. Such data, it is said, specifies the location of the event in space and in time, or in spacetime, for short. In this sense, time is another dimension. But again, time is different from the three spatial dimensions. Time is inextricably wed to our sense of the pastthe order stored in our memory, long with our ability to imagine and dream of future events. The present is where we put our dreams into action. However, the time defined by past, present, and future is not a dimension akin to the three spatial dimensions, but rather it is a phenomenon that emerges because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. On Apr 24, 12:23*pm, wrote: Moving Dimensions Theory & A Dialogue With Roger Penrose Based on, with Dr. E!: http://www.fortunecity.com/emachines.../flowtime.html Physicist : Einstein's Theory of Relativity was really the death-knell for the old concepts of space and time. Einstein showed that Absolute Space and Absolute Time could not exist any longer. Narrator : According to the Theory of Relativity, space and time were no longer a rigid framework but were instead a fabric which could be stretched and distorted. Dr. E: In other words, dimensions can and do move. Physicist : Normally we think of a black hole, a collapsed star, as being a point of zero size and infinite density surrounded by what's known as the event horizon, the point of no return. But most stars actually spin, and when they collapse they will begin to spin more rapidly. And the spinning star that becomes a spinning black hole doesn't have a point, a singularity in the centre; its singularity looks like a ring, a dough-nut. One possibility was that maybe we could travel into a black hole, avoid the singularity, and travel through the middle and come out the other side. Because space and time were linked, you would not only have to come out in another point in space, but in time as well. This sounds like it would be the ultimate freedom for us that we can time travel; Einstein gives us this wonderful freedom of moving back, changing history, going to the future, seeing what things are like and coming back again, finding what mistakes we might make and then avoid them. This would imply that the past, present and future all exist. There is no present moment to distinguish past from future. All times co-exist, time just is. And so the future is already out there. The only way to understand this was to link the 3 dimensions of space with the one dimension of time to what became known as 4-dimensional space/time. Dr. E: Time travel into the past is impossible. *Otherwise we would have met visitsors from the future. *Never did Einstein, nor Minkowski, say that time is *the fourth dimension. *Rather, Einstein equated the fourth dimension x4 with x4 = ict. * Hence MDTs simple postulate and equation: dx4/dt = ic. Roger Penrose : Space-time is certainly different stuff from space because its 4 dimensional instead of 3-D (RP larfs!) which is a big diff. Time really has to be brought into the picture; this one thing which is space/time. Dr. E: MDT shows that time, as measured by the ticking seconds on our watches, and remembered in our memories, is not the fourth dimension, but rather it is a phenonomen that emerges because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Never did Einstein, nor Minkowski, say that time is *the fourth dimension. *Rather, Einstein equated the fourth dimension x4 with x4 = ict. * Hence MDTs simple postulate and equation: dx4/dt = ic. Physicist : Just imagine what this might be like: 3-D space implies a volume, and you can move any where in that volume. Once you add time as a 4th dimension, another axis, then this block of space/time would contain within it past, present and future, all at once. Time is frozen, all times exist together; so just as you can say "over here, over there" in 3-D space, you can talk about "over then", in 4-D space/ time. Dr. E: *This is exactly where physicists are lead astray. *Time is not a fourth dimension, but it inherits properties of the fourth dimension, which is expanding at c relative to the three spatial dimensions. *Physicists extrapolate this fact to believe that the past and future exist out there. *But in reality, the deepest we ever get into the expanding fourth dimension is on the order of the Planck length. Roger Penrose : It's a way of looking at things if you like which physically we seem to be forced into. I say physically from the point of view of what the theory of rel. tells us. And Relativity is remarkably well tested, I mean, 14 places of decimal, its just incredible. So we know that this theory does describe the universe to an extraordinarily precise degree, so we have to take it seriously. And that theory tells us that we have to regard space and time as one thing, its all out there, its one thing. In the same sense that space is out there, time is out there. Dr. E: Space and time are not the same thing. *This is obvious to everyone. *We can translate freely through space, but we cannot move at all through time. *MDT shows that time, as measured by the ticking seconds on our watches, and remembered in our memories, is not the fourth dimension, but rather it is a phenonomen that emerges because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. *Never did Einstein, nor Minkowski, say that time is *the fourth dimension. *Rather, Einstein equated the fourth dimension x4 with x4 = ict. * Hence MDTs simple postulate and equation: dx4/dt = ic. Narrator : Like the Medieval God's-view of time, Einstein's physics says that the future is already out there. The moments of our lives are just waiting for us to step into them. Dr. E: No. *Read Einsteins 1912 Manuscript on Relativity. *Never did Einstein, nor Minkowski, say that time is *the fourth dimension. Rather, Einstein equated the fourth dimension x4 with x4 = ict. Hence MDTs simple postulate and equation: dx4/dt = ic. Roger Penrose : But there's no more problem about the future being out there than saying that space is out there. You say, "Mars is out there", but why is that more comprehensible than saying "next week is out there"? Its just as far away in a certain sense. Dr. E: This is wrong. *Read Einsteins 1912 Manuscript on Realtivity. Never did Einstein, nor Minkowski, say that time is *the fourth dimension. *Rather, Einstein equated the fourth dimension x4 with x4 = ict. * Hence MDTs simple postulate and equation: dx4/dt = ic. Physicist : If you take this block of 4-D space/time literally, it means you have to abandon free will. It means not only is the future pre-ordained, but its already there, its already happened. There's no point in making any decisions, whatever you do has already happened. If I choose to drop this stone into a pond, I think of it being my own free choice, but of course in 4-D space/time I had no choice in dropping the stone ; the splash is already there in the future and so we lose all free will. If time travel was possible, you can imagine people coming back from the future to visit us; its no good us saying, "you cant exist - you haven't happened yet".They've come from a time which they consider to be their 'now' and for them we're in their path. Dr. E: But we do have free will. *Quantum Mechanics and relativity both support this, as does reality. *Read Einsteins 1912 Manuscript on Realtivity. *Never did Einstein, nor Minkowski, say that time is the fourth dimension. *Rather, Einstein equated the fourth dimension x4 with x4 = ict. * Hence MDTs simple postulate and equation: dx4/dt = ic. Roger Penrose : So this means that in a sense, the present past and future are out there, and that also gives us a very deterministic view of the world. We have no control of what happens in the future because its all laid out. I think the trouble that people have with this idea is that you think the future is under your control, to some degree, and so this means that if the future's laid out then in a sense its not under your control. Dr. E: But we do have free will. *Quantum Mechanics and relativity both support this, as does reality. *Read Einsteins 1912 Manuscript on Realtivity. *Never did Einstein, nor Minkowski, say that time is the fourth dimension. *Rather, Einstein equated the fourth dimension x4 with x4 = ict. * Hence MDTs simple postulate and equation: dx4/dt = ic. Physicist : Personally I'm very uncomfortable about the block universe idea. Now this may be just a gut feeling or just irrational, but can't accept the future's already 'out there'. I don't accept that I don't have any free will. Roger Penrose : I think there is a positive side to this picture of space and time being laid out there as 4 dimensions, because it tells you that all times are there once and it can affect the way one thinks about people who have died. I mean, I remember thinking in this kind of way when my mother died. In some sense she was still there because her existence is still out there in space/time although in our time she is not alive. A colleague of mine had a son who died in tragic circumstances and I presented this idea to him and it helped his understanding also. This was before I heard that Einstein had a colleague died and he wrote to the man's wife that Bessa was still out there, and that somehow this was reassuring. I certainly think this way often, that space/time is laid out and that things in the past and things in the future are out there still. Dr. E: But we do have free will. *Quantum Mechanics and relativity both support this, as does reality. *Read Einsteins 1912 Manuscript on Realtivity. *Never did Einstein, nor Minkowski, say that time is the fourth dimension. *Rather, Einstein equated the fourth dimension x4 with x4 = ict. * Hence MDTs simple postulate and equation: dx4/dt = ic. Narrator : But almost at the same time that Relativity was gaining universal acceptance a radically different picture of the universe was emerging. Physicist : The way out if you don't want to accept the block universe idea is quantum mechanics.Now, Quantum Mechanics is the second great discovery of the 20th century physics and that states that the future isn't predetermined and preordained. Narrator : Quantum Mechanics was born out of a series of experiments whose results even today have no satisfactory explanation. Relativity works at the large scale where it provides exact predictions as to what will happen next. But when physicists started looking down at the atomic and sub-atomic level, the familiar laws failed. At ... read more
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#5
April 25th 08
posted to sci.physics,sci.math,sci.physics.relativity,alt.philosophy,sci.physics.electromag
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Moving Dimensions Theory's simplicity: The fourth dimension is
Why Gravity is not Quantized and Electromagetism Is -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gravity freezes the fourth expanding dimension in a snapshot. Hence general relativity is not based on differential operators and wave functions. QM acknowledges the flux of the expanding fourth dimension. Hence QM is based on differential operators and wave functions. Gravity does not rely on the nonlocal expansion of the fourth dimension. Gravity relies on the immediate curvature of the local spacetime. QM recognizes that a photon's locality is perpetually smeared into nonlocality by the fourth expanding dimension. Hence every particle has its wave, as every particle's local component in the fourth expanding dimensions is smeared and distributed in a nonlocal manner by the fourth expanding dimension. MDT states that the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. dx4/dt = ic Every point of locality in the fourth dimension is coninually becoming a nonlocal distribution. Hence a photon propagates not as a particle, but as a spereically-symmetric wavefront representing the probability of its position. All points on that sphere are yet at the same point in the fourth expanding dimension. Hence a phton does not move in the fourth dimension; and thus a photon is ageless. Every point of locality in the fourth dimension is coninually becoming a nonlocal distribution. Hence a photon propagates not as a particle, but as a spereically-symmetric wavefront representing the probability of its position. A photon transmits force because it carries energy with it. Gravity does not rely on the nonlocal expansion of the fourth dimension. Gravity relies on the immediate curvature of the local spacetime. Now if the mass changes, the curvature of the spacetime can change, but this change of curvatuve requires no particle. Nonlocality and probability walk hand-in-hand. The collapse of a wave function is instantaneous; and while the particle is local, the probabilistic wave function is nonlocal--it distributes the locality of the particle throughout space. This is because the expansion of the fourth dimension distributes the locality of the fourth dimension throughout space. Nothing travels as fast as a photon. Nothing travels as fast as a photon's nonlocality. A photon exists purely in the fourth expanding dimension, and the expanding fourth dimension distributes the photon's probability throughout space at the rate of c, as dx4/dt = ic. Every particle has a wave, because every particle's locality is continually smeared and distributed by the fourth expanding dimension. Hence we can never reach absolute zero; hence entropy; hence quantum mechanics' nonlocality. But in gravity, there is no particle. Gravity is merely the warping of the dimensions, which tells matter how to move. All matter maintains a constant projection in the three spatial dimensions and the fourth dimension, unless acted upon by an exterior force--the law of inertia. The greater the component in the fourth moving dimension, the faster it moves, and the shorter it appears in the three spatial dimensions-- hence relativistic length contraction for all motion. All matter travels in a straight line through space-time; unless acted upon by an exterior force, whereupon the components of an object in the fourth expanding dimension changes. All motion in the universe derives from the fourth expanding dimension. On Apr 24, 3:27*pm, wrote: MDT underlies the fundamental propagation of a photon. A photon is ageless because it stays in the exact same place in the fourth expanding. A photon's probability distibution expands at the rate of c in spherically symmetric manner because the fourth dimension expands at the rate of c in a spherically symmetric manner. A photon has no rest mass because none of it is at rest in the three stationary spatial dimensions--all a photon's mass exists entriely in the fourth dimension. MDT underlies the fundamental postulate of quantum electrodynamics - that wavefunctions of every object propagate over any and all allowed (unobstructed) paths from the source to the given point. All paths have a probaility of being followed because of the fundamental nature of a fourth dimension that is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. The probability distribution of the photon expands at the rate of c. After a photon is emitted, the spherical wavefront that defines its probability for being found at any point has a radius of 186,000 miles. This is the net result of billions and billions of quantum expansions of the fourth dimension, and during each expansion, the photon had an equal chance of being found anywhere on the surface of the net sphere, which is the sum total of billions upon billions of smaller spheres. These diagrams illustrate the basis of Huygen's Principle:http://www-laep.ced.berkeley.edu/~i...site/index.html MDT describes the fundamental motion of the unvierse. From the simple postulate: "The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions," captured in the simple equation d(x4)/dt=ic, the following emerges: Huygen'sPrinci |
