![]() |
| If this is your first visit, be sure to check out the FAQ by clicking the link above. You may have to register before you can post: click the register link above to proceed. To start viewing messages, select the forum that you want to visit from the selection below. |
|
|||||||
| Tags: 32mm, alive, ball, bitter, bore, field, frog, inside, levitate, little, magnetic, nijmegen, solenoid, tesla, vertical, water |
|
|
Thread Tools | Display Modes |
|
#1
|
|||
|
|||
|
The image of a high-temperature superconductor levitating above a
magnet in fog of liquid nitrogen can hardly surprise anyone these days - it has become common knowledge that superconductors are ideal diamagnetics and magnetic field must expel them. On the other hand, the enclosed photographs of water and a frog hovering inside a magnet (not on board a spacecraft) are somewhat counterintuitive and will probably take many people (even physicists) by surprise. This is the first observation of magnetic levitation of living organisms as well as the first images of diamagnetics levitated in a normal, room- temperature environment (if we disregard the tale about Flying Coffin of Mohammed as such evidence, of course). In fact, it is possible to levitate magnetically every material and every living creature on the earth due to the always present molecular magnetism. The molecular magnetism is very weak (millions times weaker than ferromagnetism) and usually remains unnoticed in everyday life, thereby producing the wrong impression that materials around us are mainly nonmagnetic. But they are all magnetic. It is just that magnetic fields required to levitate all these "nonmagnetic" materials have to be approximately 100 times larger than for the case of, say, superconductors. Whether an object will or will not levitate in a magnetic field B is defined by the balance between the magnetic force F = MB and gravity mg = V g where is the material density, V is the volume and g = 9.8m/ s2. The magnetic moment M = (/ µ0)VB so that F = (/µ0)BVB = (/2µ0)VB2. Therefore, the vertical field gradient B2 required for levitation has to be larger than 2µ0 g/. Molecular susceptibilities are typically 10-5 for diamagnetics and 10-3 for paramagnetic materials and, since is most often a few g/cm3, their magnetic levitation requires field gradients ~1000 and 10 T2/m, respectively. Taking l = 10cm as a typical size of high-field magnets and B2 ~ B2/l as an estimate, we find that fields of the order of 1 and 10T are sufficient to cause levitation of para- and diamagnetics. This result should not come as a surprise because, as we know, magnetic fields of less than 0.1T can levitate a superconductor (= -1) and, from the formulas above, the magnetic force increases as B2. |
| Ads |
|
#2
|
|||
|
|||
|
|
| Thread Tools | |
| Display Modes | |
|
|
Similar Threads
|
||||
| Thread | Thread Starter | Forum | Replies | Last Post |
| Magnetic field of a solenoid | Klaus Kragelund | Physics - General Discussion | 53 | July 28th 07 06:32 PM |
| Solenoid (wire coil) magnetic field question | Mike | Physics - General Discussion | 4 | July 5th 04 06:25 AM |
| Does a magnetic core in a solenoid improve its /acceptance/ of amagnetic field | edA-qa mort-ora-y | Electromagnetic Theory and Applications | 5 | June 25th 04 02:58 PM |
| The magnetic field due to a solenoid | Chris | Electromagnetic Theory and Applications | 4 | September 20th 03 02:07 PM |
| The magnetic field due to a solenoid | Chris | Fusion Discussions | 4 | September 20th 03 02:07 PM |