Memorandum For The Record

Subject: Threat Assessment

http://www.halturnershow.com/Chinese...AgainstUS.html

The Chinese report below appears to be mostly disinformation &
misinformation for foreigners. That does not preclude real fire covered
by smoke and mirrors.

Important background information on the torsion physics mentioned below
is at
http://qedcorp.com/APS/zpf2005.pdf updated periodically
also Discussion Forum at http://stardrive.org
and in 3 books:
Destiny Matrix
Space-Time & Beyond II
Super Cosmos
http://amazon.com

On Sep 12, 2005, at 10:23 PM, Gennady Shipov wrote:

Jack!

In China very quickly develop torsion technologies.

Look at the attachment.






Jack Sarfatti :

Of course, back then this was not understood. Bureaucrats like Paul
Murad in DIA are holding USG back in this whole field. Meantime the
Indians, Chinese, Iranians, Ukrainians and Russians are forging ahead.
It's no accident that I was invited to publish in a book from the
Ukranian Academy of Sciences in Kiev. Those guys are not stupid. The
Chinese are really open to this stuff. Note the new Russian-Chinese
joint War Games. Gennady Shipov is attacked by some of his colleagues,
but I now can prove that we do need his torsion field to make all of
this advanced weaponry really work!


Shipov Gennady:
Jack!

In China very quickly develop torsion technologies.

Look the attachment.



My preliminary comments for the record:


"Xing•liu Jiang, Xiong•wei Wen, China Science School, Beijing University
of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100083 and Li•jun Han, China
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of
Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100083

ABSTRACT
Highly localized nuclear activation in electrochemical systems and other
electrical discharge processes have been observed by many laboratories
in the world. This report is an attempt to explain such anomalous
phenomena by using torsion field theory and axion model. Anisotopic
behaviours of radiation products, burst character, "heat after death" of
excess energy release in electrical discharge systems are considered to
be interpreted by the torsion coherence of vortex dynamics with the
zero• point energy induced by localized intense field emission of
micro•protrusion of the cathode, and the dynamic Casimir effect of
transient evolution of triple region of gas, liquid solution, and
electrode protrusion. Axion model and Primakoff's effect are proposed
for explanation of nuclear transmutation without noticeable gamma
radiation."

These allegations cannot be checked without the mathematics. Briefly
here is the real story in terms of mainstream physics.

We use the elegant local frame invariant Einstein-Cartan exterior
differential forms mathematics for the tetrad gravity field that is the
"square root" of Einstein's 1915 symmetric metric tensor field. The
tetrad technique is analogous to the Dirac "square root" of the quantum
Klein-Gordon equation.

Einstein's curved space-time geometrodynamic field guv is a symmetric
bilinear form in the Einstein-Cartan tetrad 1-form field e where

e = 1 + B

When B = 0 we have globally flat Minkowski space-time. According to the
local equivalence principle there is no real gravity (i.e. geodesic
deviation tidal curvature) in that limit.

Technically B is the compensating gauge potential when global T4 of
special relativity is replaced by local Diff(4).

In addition using the charge neutral Vacuum ODLRO VEV Higgs-Goldstone
field for the spontaneous breakdown of SU(2)hypercharge in the standard
model we can write

B = (hG/c^3)^1/2d(Mean Goldstone Phase)

Goldstone Phase is a 0-form

No gravity & no inertia when h = 0 or 1/c = 0 even when G =/= 0.

Gravity and inertia are emergent "More is different" (P.W. Anderson)
properties of the spontaneous breakdown of SU(2)hypercharge symmetry in
the physical vacuum consistent with Standard Model explanation for
inertia of quarks and leptons.

d is the Cartan exterior derivative, and we use the mean Goldstone Phase
averaged over the internal indices of non-abelian SU(2).

The d^2 = 0 rule is suspended due to non-trivial multiply-connected
manifold cohomology in physical space and in VEV local order parameter
space. I call this "Flux without flux" BTW like Wheeler's "Charge
without charge". In Wheeler-Feynman theory the gauge force connections
are dynamically redundant and are replaced by the source fields with
advanced light cone propagators. See Hoyle & Narlikar for1915 GR version
of Wheeler-Feynman elimination of the EM field for the gravity case.
Whether this 1940 classical idea survives the transition to quantum
field theory is an open question of course.

Ref. John Baez, Gravity & Knots
Hagen Kleinert on "multi-valued gauge transformations"
Michael Berry "phase singularities"
Dirac Strings
Abrikosov phase jump branch cuts in physical space in Type II
superconducting magnetic vortex lattices

Therefore

F = dB =/= 0

If this were U(1) Maxwell EM field theory, the 4 Maxwell equations would
be in 2-lines

dF = 0 (metric independent - Faraday induction & no magnetic monopoles laws)

d*F = *J (metric/constituitive material dependent Ampere's & Gauss's laws)

* = Hodge dual p-form to N - p form in N-dim space-time.

hence

*d*F = J = current density 1-form

Local current density conservation is

d^2d*F = d*J = 0

Transition to gravity i.e. General Relativity

W = spin connection

The Gennady Shipov torsion 2-form is

T = De = de + W/\e = dB + W/\(1 + B)

In 1915 GR

T = 0 , therefore W is determined completely by B.

In Gennady Shipov's theory O(1,3) is also locally gauged to give T =/=
0, so now W depends on both B & T.

What is the torsion connection 1-form S.

If we use S = *dT we get

e' = e + S = 1 + B + S

Only use e to get EEP

guv = (1u^I + Bu^I)nIJ(1v^J + Bv^J) ?

If we use S = *DT we seem to get an infinite regress for W in terms of B
& S.

Locally gauging entire Poincare group of 1905 SR gives Shipov's 10D
"oriented point", which is essentially
D3 BRANE theory BTW!

Finally the curvature 2-Form is

R = DW = dW + W/\W

Why the torsion field is needed.

In 1915 GR the Bianchi identities using the zero torsion tetrad

e = 1 + B

give

DR = 0

analogous to

d*J = 0 in EM

Einstein's exotic dark energy vacuum field equation is

R/\e + /\zpfe/\e/\e = 0 as a 3-form equation.

This implies that

D/\zpf = d/\zpf = 0

/\zpf is a 0-form

with

De = 0

i.e. /\zpf is a constant.

When we add torsion we get

D' = d + W/\ + S/\

with

D'R = 0

Therefore

DR =/= 0

hence

d/\zpf =/= 0

in presence of a torsion field.

The zero point dark energy-stress tensor is

tuv(zpf) = (c^4/8piG*)/\zpfguv

/\zpf 0 is repulsive dark energy of negative vacuum pressure (blue shift)

/\zpf 0 is attractive dark matter (mis-named) of positive vacuum
pressure (red shift)

/\zpf ~ (vacuum coherence length)^-1(anyon condensate coherence
length)^-1cos(Vacuum Phase - Anyon Phase)

This permits low power practical metric engineering of Warp and Wormhole.

All the numerical PV estimates of Puthoff, Davis & Co are completely
irrelevant. No USG money should be spent on high power laser bending of
space-time - much too small. No Bang - a mere Whimper for a Big Buck!
Waste of tax money.


"Nuclear products with high concentration, unidentified tracks with
highly collimated lines of low energy nuclear reactions in the
electrochemical systems were recorded by CR• 39 solid detectors and
photo•films, and localized spots with chemical alterations were observed
at our laboratory. It is suggested to carry out intensive study of
vortex dynamic for explaining the anomalous phenomena in wide area of
nature and laboratories. Analysis of vortex dynamics with wide range
from pitting corrosion of electrochemical system, laboratory plasma,
tornado, to quasar spiral model with extremely high energy cosmic rays
in the center region, leads to a conclusion for that vortex dynamics
creates torsion fields responding to the anomalous effects."

What kind of "vortex"?

The Shipov torsion 2-form is the non-integrable antisymmetric

T = (hG/c^2)(Goldstone Phase)[,v,u]


"I. INTRODUCTION
Many laboratories in the world have observed nuclear reactions and
excess heat in electrochemical systems. The mechanism of such anomalous
phenomena is not being well understood according to normally accepted
physics.
Nuclear products with high concentration and tracks with highly
collimated lines of low energy nuclear reactions in the electrochemical
systems were recorded by CR•39 solid detectors and films at our
laboratory [1,2]. These facts suggest that quasar model with spiral
structure and extremely high enrage cosmic rays in the center could be
used to explain the mechanism. It is supposed to use the concept of
torsion field to interpret the observed phenomena, typically, the
properties of axion acceleration, memory effect, and the polarized
nuclear reactions with torsion effect [3]."

Impossible to evaluate without the math.


"II. PHENOMENA IN NATURE AND AT LABORATORIES
The vortex and spiral structures are the archetype that appears at all
levels of nature and laboratories, for example, atom structure, vortex
lattice in superconductors, dense plasma focus, lightning, quasar etc.
Recent report of dark matter annihilation at the galactic center
describes that the cold dark matter near the galactic center is accreted
by the central black hole into a
New Energy Technologies, Issue #5•6 (14•15) September • December 2003
dense spike [4]. Particle dark matter annihilation makes the spike to be
a compact source of photons, electrons, positrons, protons, antiprotons
and neutrinos. It reminds us for that there is a similarity among
pitting corrosion with electrochemical noise, laboratory plasma pinching
(dense plasma focus, for example), fast laser induced ion beams [5] and
quasar spiral model with high•energy cosmic rays in spiral center in
spite of large dimension difference. Comparing the experimental results
of electrochemical cells with excess heat and nuclear transmutation to
astrophysics phenomena, it is supposed that the investigation of vortex
dynamics of torsion coherence with the zero•point energy is essential
for tapping the zero• point energy."

Impossible to evaluate without the math.

"As it is predicted by quantum mechanics that the vacuum is seething
with active energy, even at temperature of zero point Kelvin. This
zero•point energy (ZPE) can be thought as an infinite number of virtual
photons that are popping out of the vacuum and going back in, but should
be a measurable effect en masse. To exam the origin of ZPE background,
the interaction of matter with the ZPE can be treated on the basis of
charged point particles interaction with a background of electromagnetic
zero•point radiation with spectral•energy density.
Based on observation in the experiments, the following features are
considered in order to understand the experimental results with
electrical discharge systems.
A. ELECTROCHEMICAL DOUBLE LAYER
In an electrolytic cell, the electrolysis with high conductivity and the
electrochemical double layer with large layer•capacitance lead to a
typical structure of the cathode potential distribution similar to the
cathode drop of glow discharge in low gas pressure. For a compact layer
the thickness of the double layer is equal to one ionic layer, across
which there is a linear fall of potential. Thus, high electric field
exists in some regions on the surface of the cathode.
The local enhancement of the electric field on the cathode surface with
the double layer is related to the protrusions and cracks similar to the
tip discharge in air or in a vacuum. The current distribution depends
strongly on the surface roughness and the work function of the electron
emission. A high transient current density ( 108A/cm2) could be
expected due to enhanced field.

B. ENERGY CONCENTRATION
On the cathode surface, the high persistent electrical fields (107V/cm)
and large equivalent capacitance (25 µF/cm2) lead to a high energy
concentration in the double layer [6]. The concentrated field on the
tips of the protrusions or cracks after a long• loading period with
deuterium on the palladium cathode surface creates a high transient
electron flux because of the large distributed capacitance and the
negligible inductance in a localized discharge mini• network. The
experimental data show that the reactions take place only in some
restricted areas that have specific properties. The idea of micro fusion
due to the results of energy concentration and the high deuteron flux
could be used to explain the nuclear transmutation.

C.TORSION FIELD AND THEIR EXPERIMENTAL MANIFESTATIONS
Elementary particles have the moment of quantity of motion, i.e. spin.
If in any substance the spins of particle have a preferable direction,
then it is interpreted as spin polarization of the substance. Every
substance creates a torsion•field (or called spin•field or axial field)
in the space surrounding it when polarized by spins [7]. The
superposition of torsion field, generated by the atomic and nuclear
spins of each molecule, determines the intensity of torsion field in the
space surrounding each molecule. Torsion field has strong penetration
ability and does not interact with the crystal lattice of substances.
The torsion field created by rotation of some sort of matter is
concentrated in two opposite beams propagating along the rotation axis.
The intensity of torsion•field with some
New Energy Technologies, Issue #5•6 (14•15) September • December 2003
lower constant value can be retained for several weeks after the
rotation is stopped. Such property of vortex mater has been recently
observed in type II superconductors with magnetic flux line lattice [8].
The studies of vortex matter of type II superconductors have shown a
number of puzzling phenomena associated with vortex motion, including:
low• frequency noise and slow voltage oscillations; a history•dependent
dynamic response, and memory of the direction, amplitude duration and
frequency of the previously applied current.
Some behaviors of the torsion•field effect have been observed in the
experiments of electrolysis regarding the so•called cold fusion, such as
when the gas bubble chains come out from the protrusions of the cathode
surface a long time after switching off the electrolysis potential. The
more surprising thing is the heat after death, which has been recorded
by many labs. This phenomenon could be explained by the persistence
effect of the torsion•field produced by vortex dynamics of tip effect.

D. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS IN THEELECTROCHEMICAL CELL
CR•39 plastic films possessing with a high degree of optical clarity and
isotope in track response, and are sensitive to neutron, proton,
tritium, alpha, and other charged particles, were used to detect the
products of nuclear reactions. The films of CR•39 were immersed in the
NaOH electrolyte of heavy water and placed adjacent to the tips of the
cathode [9]. After 110 hours, electrolysis experiment with the applied
voltage 1 V and current 2 ma, the solid detector was etched by 6.25 N
NaOH solution in 700C for 11 hours. The photomicrograph shows the
cluster of tracks with a cycle crater of 100 µm in diameter and 25 µm in
depth. According to the etching condition, the energies of the most of
the particles, P, T, • are estimated roughly to be in the range of 1• 4
MeV. On the backside of same region of the CR•39 film detector, one can
clearly see a few of tracks in the circle area or nearby. Such tracks
are believed to be created by recoil•protons of forward incident
neutrons. High concentration of the cluster of nuclear tracks could be
explained by the quasar spiral model and by the crystal channeling
effect [Fig.1]. The experimental results of the generation of tritium
with single crystal metal of Pd show that none of the generation of
tritium has been revealed by using non• single crystal electrodes [10].
The importance of the crystal channeling effect for nuclear reactions in
the electrochemical systems can be inferred.

Fig.1 Schematic presentation of a micropinch spiral by tip effect in the
electrolysis cell: a) tip of the electrode; b) spiral structure of
micropinch; c) electron beam; d) crystal channel; e) ion beam
To determine the spatial distribution of radiation active sites (RAS),
Black•white 135 films of 27 DIN have been used to image the position of
the RAS. After a 1,5 year of deposition in glass tube of finishing
electrolysis experiments with light water electrolyte for more than 200
hours running, the patterns of RSA were clearly formed on the films
after exposure of 100 hours [2]. The bright spots corresponding to the
tips of palladium cathode edges can be seen due to
New Energy Technologies, Issue #5•6 (14•15) September • December 2003
the tip effect. The effect of magnetic field on the traces of the
charged particles has been observed while the Pd samples exposing to the
films, which were folding and wrapping up the sample, were inserted
between couple magnets. The tracks stretching along the film surfaces
confirm that the tracks were created by charged particles, electrons for
example, with low energy about some keVs. Highly oriented tracks can be
observed by autoradiography by using normal films locally [Fig.2].

Fig.2 Autoradiography of charged particle tracks of beta delay isotopes
on the surface palladium cathode. Some tracks of beta particles are
paralleling the cathode surface.

E. SONOLUMINESCENCE AND “BUBBLENUCLEAR FUSION”
Some scientists of Oak Ridge National Laboratory in America reported
their articles of bubbles experiments in Science. Experimental results
show that the radiation lights of sonoluminescence possess three
characters: short duration with picoseconds; wide continual spectrum;
highly oriented thin beams.
Based on those characters, vortex dynamics with axial acceleration of
bubble collapse could be inferred.
Nuclear reaction with abnormal gamma radiation was observed [11].
Dr.Claudia Eberlein describes her conclusion on sonoluminescence that
only the ZPE spectrum matches the light emission spectrum, which must be
a ZPE phenomena [12]. The effect of torsion field on nuclear reactions
along the axis of vortex should be taken into consideration for the low
ratio of the nuclear products of n/T due to spin polarization of
reaction particles.
Axion model and the Primakoff effect are proposed for explanation of
nuclear transmutation without noticeable gamma radiation. Many
laboratories in the world have been engaged in several experiments to
search for axions, light neutral pseudoscalar particles yet to be
discovered. The axion would be produced in the solar core through the
Primakoff effect if its mass is a few electronvolts and could be
detected in the laboratory.


III. CONCLUSION
Researchers of new energy study of "cold fusion" type should pay great
attention to the general processes of electrolysis to find the key
points, which could play a major role in the transit from the
electrochemical processes to processes of torsion and the nuclear
processes. From the authors' point of view, the evolution of double
layers is of importance to understand the anomalous effect, typically on
the protrusions of cathode. The change of space•time near the tips due
to torsion field generated is expected to delivery the zero•point
energy, and dynamic Casimir effect for the evolution of gas bubbles on
the tips are expected to generate photons and excess heat [1]. The
yields of transmutation products are related to the current distribution
on the cathode surface. The cathodes of thin wire were benefit to the
generation of nuclear reactions and excess heat for electrochemical
systems. Careful examination of the evolution of electrochemical double
layer will lead to a good understanding of pitting corrosion with
electrochemical noise, and further to recognize the anomalous excess
heat and nuclear reactions.
Heat after death was observed at many laboratories. It is believed that
the persistence behaviors of torsion field can be used to explain such
anomalous phenomena.
The contact between beads coated with a thin metallic layer or
multilayered film and
New Energy Technologies, Issue #5•6 (14•15) September • December 2003
palladium black particles could be regarded as point•contact similar to
the tip•effect [13].
We may say that it is expected to reveal the puzzles of the mechanisms
of high•Tc superconductivity with pinning vortices by the torsion field
theory [14,15].

REFERENCES
[1]
Xing•liu Jiang, Jin•zhi Lei, Li•jun Han,
Dynamic Casimir Effect in an
Electrochemical System,


J.
New Energy, Vol.3, No. 4, 47(1999).


[2] Xing•liu Jiang, Chang•ye Chen, Li•jun Han, Tip Effect and Nuclear
Active Sites, Proc. of the 7th Intern. Conf. on Cold Fusion, Vancouver,
April, 1998, pp.175.
[3] Don Read, Excitation and Extraction of VacuumEnergy Via EM•Torsion
Field Coupling Theoretical Model, J. New Energy, Vol. 3, No. 2/3,
p.130(1998).
[4] P.Gondolo, J.Silk, Dark matter annihilation at galactic center,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 1719(1999).
[5] BPS, Laser light in , stream of protons out, Physics Today,
Jan.2000,p.9.
[6] G.Korluem and J.OM. Bookris, Textbook ofElectrochemistry Vol. II.
Elsevier Publishing company Amstorsan , 1951. P.364
[7] A.E.Akimov, G.I.shipov,Torsion fields and their Experimental
Manifestations,
Journal of New Energy, 2(2), 67(1999).

[8] Y.Paltiel, E.Zeldov Y.N.Myasoedov el. al.Dynamic instabilities and
memory
effects in vortex matter,
Nature 403, 398 (2000).

[9] X.L.Jiang, L.J.Han and W.Kang. Concentrated energyand Micro Nuclear
Fusion, ICCF6, Oct 1996,
Japan p.580.

[10] R.L.Matlock, F.E.Collins, G.R.Bancher,Anomalous tritium found in
the recombined
off gasses during electrolysis
using crystal cathodes. Elem. Energy(cold fusion), 26,
28(1998).

[11] Taleyarkhan R P, West C D, Cho J S, Lahey Jr R T,Nigmatulin R I,
Block R C. Evidence for Nuclear
Emissions During Acoustic Cavitation. Science, 2002
295: 1850~1862.

[12] Claudia Eberlein. Theory of quantum radiationobserved as
onoluminescence,
Phy.Rev.Lett.53,2772(1996)

[13] G.H. Miley, G.Narne, M.J.Williams, J.A.Patterson,J.Nix, D.Cravens,
and H. Hora, Quantitative Observation
of Transmutation Products Occurring in Thin•Film
Coated Microspheres During Electrolysis, Proceedings
of ICCF•6, OCT. 1996, Japan, p. 629.

[14] T. Matsuda, K. Harada, H. Kasai, O. Kamimura and A.Tomomura,
Observation of Dynamic Interaction of
Vortices with Pinning by Lorentz Microscopy, Science,
271, 1393(1996).

[15] G.W. Crabtree and D.R. Nelson, Vortex Physics inHigh Temperature
Superconductors, Physics Today,
April 1997, p.32.


New Energy Technologies, Issue #5•6 (14•15) September • December 2003

What about Inflation. I am under the impresssion that whenever you have
negative energy of any description you have instability as the matter
can go off to c thereby creating positive matter. Isn't that what
Inflation is all about?

On 13 Sep 2005 11:35:38 -0700, wrote:

What about Inflation. I am under the impresssion that whenever you have
negative energy of any description you have instability as the matter
can go off to c thereby creating positive matter. Isn't that what
Inflation is all about?

No,
It's all about keeping your tyres pumped up.

And who are you talking to?
Why don't you quote the message that you are responding to?
Or are you one of those cheapskates who use Google News?

No, It's all about keeping your tyres pumped up.

Inflation is one of the main theories of the origin of the Universe.
The proposition is that the Universe started off weighing a few
kilograms and its size doubled every 10^-40 seconds.

Negative energy, which you would need for any warp drive, is highly
unstable, the basic mechanism for Inflation is for negative energy to
accelerate to c or thereabouts thereby putting itself in the lowest
energy state and creating a lot of positive energy matter in the
process.

wrote:
No, It's all about keeping your tyres pumped up.


Inflation is one of the main theories of the origin of the Universe.
The proposition is that the Universe started off weighing a few
kilograms and its size doubled every 10^-40 seconds.

Who said that?


Bob
--

"Things should be described as simply as possible, but no
simpler."

A. Einstein

On 14 Sep 2005 02:46:28 -0700, wrote:

No, It's all about keeping your tyres pumped up.

Inflation is one of the main theories of the origin of the Universe.
The proposition is that the Universe started off weighing a few
kilograms and its size doubled every 10^-40 seconds.

Actually, it's not that at all.
A couple of kilograms?
What is your reference?
The "Juniour Encyclopedia of Space, 1951"?

Negative energy, which you would need for any warp drive, is highly
unstable, the basic mechanism for Inflation is for negative energy to
accelerate to c or thereabouts thereby putting itself in the lowest
energy state and creating a lot of positive energy matter in the
process.

These are the references for inflation.

in turn have events initiating tertiary etc etc. The most notable
proponent of this view is Alan Guth
http://lanl.arXiv.org/find/astro-ph/.../0/1/0/all/0/1
specifically:
http://xyz.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/0101507
his paper titled Eternal Inflation.

Look at the script on Evidence for a Hyperuniverse.

Alan Guth may be wrong. He is not infallible. However I think that what
he says should be taken seriously.

If warp drives and negative energy are completely impossible, as I
myself believe them to be, there is no risk or point. It is simply
using up money that could have been spent on the New Orleans levees. If
a warp drive could be built, building it would be extremely dangerous
for everyone.

The Casimir effect by the way is really no big deal. It is no bigger a
deal that any other force produced by the exchange of virtual particles.

On 15 Sep 2005 03:11:44 -0700, wrote:

These are the references for inflation.

in turn have events initiating tertiary etc etc. The most notable
proponent of this view is Alan Guth
http://lanl.arXiv.org/find/astro-ph/.../0/1/0/all/0/1
specifically:
http://xyz.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/0101507
his paper titled Eternal Inflation.

Look at the script on Evidence for a Hyperuniverse.

Alan Guth may be wrong. He is not infallible. However I think that what
he says should be taken seriously.

If warp drives and negative energy are completely impossible, as I
myself believe them to be, there is no risk or point. It is simply
using up money that could have been spent on the New Orleans levees. If
a warp drive could be built, building it would be extremely dangerous
for everyone.

The Casimir effect by the way is really no big deal. It is no bigger a
deal that any other force produced by the exchange of virtual particles.

Quote from one of those papers where it supports your assertion:
"The proposition is that the Universe started off weighing a few
kilograms..."
please.

Yes

http://xyz.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/0101507

Unfortunateld it is PDF (wretched format) so I can't cut things out. On
page 4

The initial patch can be incredibly small ................

I have given 1Kg as being a kind of ballpark remark. He in fact said
smaller than a proton. If you work this out in Plank terms this is
roughly what you arrive at.

In the case of the Universe I call a Kg anything between 10g and 100Kg.

wrote:
Yes

http://xyz.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/0101507

Unfortunateld it is PDF (wretched format) so I can't cut things out. On
page 4


The initial patch can be incredibly small ................


I have given 1Kg as being a kind of ballpark remark. He in fact said
smaller than a proton. If you work this out in Plank terms this is
roughly what you arrive at.

In the case of the Universe I call a Kg anything between 10g and 100Kg.

Do you mean our causal patch, i.e. the visible universe, or
the whole shebang?


Bob
--

"Things should be described as simply as possible, but no
simpler."

A. Einstein