In article .com,
"newedana" wrote:
Andrew Yee wrote:
Office of Public Relations
University of Missouri-Rolla

Contact: Lance Feyh
Phone: 573-341-4269
Email: lfeyh @ umr.edu

December 1, 2005

SCIENTIST SAYS NEUTRON STARS, NOT BLACK HOLES, AT CENTER OF GALAXIES

ROLLA, Mo. -- For the past 50 years, black holes have been all
the rage. Now, a University of Missouri-Rolla researcher says they never
existed.

Scientists have long believed that hydrogen fusion generates
heat and light in the sun and other ordinary stars for billions of years
before the star collapses into a neutron star or black hole when its
fuel is exhausted. "Most scientists think neutron stars are dead matter,
rather than energized, and that eventually they can collapse and form
black holes at the center of galaxies," says Dr. Oliver Manuel, a
professor of nuclear chemistry at UMR. "In this scenario, the end game
is the end of light as we know it."

Manuel thinks neutron stars are at the beginning of an
astronomical renaissance, so to speak.

In a new paper, http://arxiv.org/pdf/nucl-th/0511051 ,


Uh, that's not a paper. A paper is in a scientific journal, not on a web
site.

Manuel
and his co-authors claim massive neutron stars are the energy source at
the center of galaxies. "The neutron stars break up and form smaller
stars, which drift apart to form planetary systems," Manuel says.

Manuel is the lead author of the new paper, "On the Cosmic
Nuclear Cycle and the Similarity of Nuclei and Stars." In the abstract,
the authors state, "This cycle involves neither the production of matter
in an initial Big Bang, nor the disappearance of matter into black
holes."

Since the 1960s, scientists have more or less assumed that
black holes populate the center of galaxies. Manuel says that assumption
just doesn't make sense to him.

"You should find a hole there, not a huge outpouring of energy
and light," Manuel insists. "If black holes exist at the center of
galaxies, stars should be falling in -- instead of explosively moving
away from the center."

According to Manuel, all of the "fragmentation" created by
neutron stars and the fission of heavy elements at the centers of
galaxies can be explained by "neutron repulsion."

"Neutrons and protons in the nucleus work like the north and
south ends of magnets," Manuel explains. "Neutrons repel neutrons,
protons repel protons, but neutrons attract protons. Neutron repulsion
is the force that energizes neutron stars. This empirical fact was
discovered by five graduate students working with me to decipher the
nuclear mass data for the 2,850 known nuclides in the spring of 2000."

Did he ever hear of gravity?


Manuel and the group of UMR graduate students published their
findings in 2000 in the Journal of Fusion Energy.

Last summer, Manuel and other UMR researchers reported that a
small neutron star is at the core of our sun and other ordinary stars.
Those conclusions are forthcoming in the Proceedings of the First Crisis
in Cosmology Conference by the American Institute of Physics.

"The heat, light and hydrogen pouring from these stars are
produced by neutron repulsion in their cores," Manuel says.

Furthermore, according to the UMR scientist, our sun once
belonged to a larger neutron star that exploded to form the current
solar system. He imagines massive neutron stars to be like giant nesting
dolls that give birth to smaller stars.

Which doesn't square with the make-up of the solar system (for one thing, all
the mass added together wouldn't make a neutron star).


"The super massive neutron stars break up and form galaxies of
smaller stars, just as the nuclei of the heavy elements break apart,"
Manuel says.

In their paper "On the Cosmic Nuclear Cycle and the Similarity
of Nuclei and Stars," Manuel and co-authors Michael Mozina of Emerging
Technologies and Hilton Ratcliffe of the Astronomical Society of South
Africa argue that neutron repulsion also explains the luminosity of the
sun and other ordinary stars.

"Additionally, neutron repulsion explains extremely high
energy events like quasars, which are associated with high-density
regions of space," Manuel says. "These were previously attributed to
black holes."

* * * * * * *


THE MECHANISM OF STAR FORMATION IN GALAXY.
(adapted from "Natural Science Founded on A New Atomic Model" by Hansik
Yoon)


So it's all a fraud.

- The mechanism of star formation from the neutron mass block in
galaxy.
- The giant neuron block at the center of a galaxy as the gravity
center for its all family stars.
- The real source of solar energy.

All kinds of materials in the nature consist of merely two fundamental
particles, proton and electron. If a proton carries an electron at the
closest distance it makes a neutron, while combining it at some
distance it gives a hydrogen atom.

Hydrogen atom or helium atom cannot gather automatically by themselves
to build a giant gas block in the cosmic space (according to "Natural
Science Founded on A New atomic Model" by Hansik Yoon, on page 296 -
http://www.yoonsatom.net ), in which nuclear fusion takes place to
construct element atoms of higher atomic numbers, and new stars are
built from them, or the Stephen Hawking's black hole from singularity
substance produced by collapse of their atomic structure.

The electric repulsion between electrons is 4.17×10^42 times as great
as the gravitational attraction between them from Newtonian and
Coulomb's law. This kind of the lightest elements has a strong effusive
character resulted from the repulsion between their orbital electrons.

So balloons filled with this kind of gases expand endlessly and burst
at the stratosphere of the earth, They are being diluted limitlessly in
the vacant vacuum space.

The gathering process of these light gases results in decreasing their
entropy, so the idea they can gather automatically by themselves
conflicts critically with the Thermodynamic 3rd law.

Hans Bethe predicted that cosmic gases such as hydrogen and helium must
be the fuel of nuclear fusion of the sun or other stars, and he
explained how stars produce energy by nuclear fusion in his work on
nuclear reactions in the 1930s.

However, it appears that he didn't care how these kinds of lightest
gases can continuously be fed to the core phase of the sun or stars
where nuclear fusion takes place. These gases have to avert the
penetration problem through a highly denser celestial material, say,
solar material with an average density of 100g/cc.

According to G. Gamow's, after the Big Bang explosion the basic
elements of hydrogen and helium were built within 10^3 seconds from the
singularity, and then creation of other elements from them, and
formation of few hundred billions of galactic universes were followed
after 10^5 years of the explosion.

Although his story of creating hydrogen and hundred billions of
galactic universes from singularity is imaginary and fictitious, the
story of expanding galactic universes says one of basic orders of mass
world in the nature.

Although the moving order of all the celestial stars are governed by
gravitational attraction and counter balancing centrifugal repulsion
between them given by their orbiting motion, the numerous galactic
universes do not perform such an orbiting circular motion but a
straight linear motion directing in radial symmetric direction with an
accelerated speed, equivalent at least to the gravitational
acceleration (expansion of universe).

It is the only way to avoid the collapse of all galactic universe due
to their gravitational attraction that slows down their expanding
speeds.

If there was certainly the so-called Big Bang explosion in the
beginning of this universe, the giant mass block of pre-explosion was
NOT built from singularity as believed today, but surely with pure
neutrons.

Allegedly the singularity is an imaginary substance invented by Stephen
Hawking who predicted the existence of Black Hole built with this
singularity.

It seems that he was quite ignorant for the atomic structure. For
instance, hydrogen atom has 10^ -10 meters in diameter, while its
proton nucleus 10^ -15 meters in diameter, so their volume ratio is
1/10^15. It says that atomic structure is built with 99.999999.....% of
vacant space.

If this vacant space is excluded from hydrogen atom, the density of
pure mass well exceeds to be the utmost value of 7×10^7 metric
tons/cc, approximately 7×10^11 times as large as that of solar
materials.

Neutrons are hydrogen atoms from which their vacant space is excluded,
according to Dr. Yoon's physics.

Why is Stephen Hawking's singularity needed to build his black hole?

In addition, atomic structure is difficult to be collapsed due to a
massive gravitation since it has an enormously elastic resiliency like
a steel ball against external compression.

Dr. Hansik Yoon assumed that neutron was at first built from the
original elementary mass particles, proton and electron, by taking up
energy from a some hot energy source of cosmic furnace.

The evidence is that it emits energy it absorbed in reverse when it
decomposes to produce a proton and an electron. So neutron is possible
to pile up to make a giant block due to their gravitational attraction,
without violating the natural law of thermodynamics since they are

In article .com,
"newedana" wrote:
Andrew Yee wrote:
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.a...f?dmode=source

Office of Public Relations
University of Missouri-Rolla

Contact: Lance Feyh
Phone: 573-341-4269
Email: lfeyh @ umr.edu


December 1, 2005


SCIENTIST SAYS NEUTRON STARS, NOT BLACK HOLES, AT CENTER OF GALAXIES


ROLLA, Mo. -- For the past 50 years, black holes have been all
the rage. Now, a University of Missouri-Rolla researcher says they never
existed.


Scientists have long believed that hydrogen fusion generates
heat and light in the sun and other ordinary stars for billions of years
before the star collapses into a neutron star or black hole when its
fuel is exhausted. "Most scientists think neutron stars are dead matter,
rather than energized, and that eventually they can collapse and form
black holes at the center of galaxies," says Dr. Oliver Manuel, a
professor of nuclear chemistry at UMR. "In this scenario, the end game
is the end of light as we know it."


Manuel thinks neutron stars are at the beginning of an
astronomical renaissance, so to speak.


In a new paper, http://arxiv.org/pdf/nucl-th/0511051 , Manuel
and his co-authors claim massive neutron stars are the energy source at
the center of galaxies. "The neutron stars break up and form smaller
stars, which drift apart to form planetary systems," Manuel says.


Manuel is the lead author of the new paper, "On the Cosmic
Nuclear Cycle and the Similarity of Nuclei and Stars." In the abstract,
the authors state, "This cycle involves neither the production of matter
in an initial Big Bang, nor the disappearance of matter into black
holes."


Since the 1960s, scientists have more or less assumed that
black holes populate the center of galaxies. Manuel says that assumption
just doesn't make sense to him.


"You should find a hole there, not a huge outpouring of energy
and light," Manuel insists. "If black holes exist at the center of
galaxies, stars should be falling in -- instead of explosively moving
away from the center."


According to Manuel, all of the "fragmentation" created by
neutron stars and the fission of heavy elements at the centers of
galaxies can be explained by "neutron repulsion."


"Neutrons and protons in the nucleus work like the north and
south ends of magnets," Manuel explains. "Neutrons repel neutrons,
protons repel protons, but neutrons attract protons. Neutron repulsion
is the force that energizes neutron stars. This empirical fact was
discovered by five graduate students working with me to decipher the
nuclear mass data for the 2,850 known nuclides in the spring of 2000."


Manuel and the group of UMR graduate students published their
findings in 2000 in the Journal of Fusion Energy.


Last summer, Manuel and other UMR researchers reported that a
small neutron star is at the core of our sun and other ordinary stars.
Those conclusions are forthcoming in the Proceedings of the First Crisis
in Cosmology Conference by the American Institute of Physics.


"The heat, light and hydrogen pouring from these stars are
produced by neutron repulsion in their cores," Manuel says.


Furthermore, according to the UMR scientist, our sun once
belonged to a larger neutron star that exploded to form the current
solar system. He imagines massive neutron stars to be like giant nesting
dolls that give birth to smaller stars.


"The super massive neutron stars break up and form galaxies of
smaller stars, just as the nuclei of the heavy elements break apart,"
Manuel says.


In their paper "On the Cosmic Nuclear Cycle and the Similarity
of Nuclei and Stars," Manuel and co-authors Michael Mozina of Emerging
Technologies and Hilton Ratcliffe of the Astronomical Society of South
Africa argue that neutron repulsion also explains the luminosity of the
sun and other ordinary stars.


"Additionally, neutron repulsion explains extremely high
energy events like quasars, which are associated with high-density
regions of space," Manuel says. "These were previously attributed to
black holes."


THE MECHANISM OF STAR FORMATION IN GALAXY (continued)

Neutron decomposes by β-decay to produce a proton and an electron to
build a hydrogen atom, releasing energy.


No it doesn't. In most such decays, the electron has enough velocity that
it's not captured by the proton to make a hydrogen atom.

Since inside of the neutron
mass must be a supercritical environment of ultra high temperature and
pressure, there can occur a variety of nuclear reaction.

Except all that's there are 3 quarks.


For example, if a proton produced by β-decay combines another neutron
nearby it turns out to build a deuteron. Deuterons thus made are also
possible to bind themselves to construct a helium nucleus in such a
supercritical environment. Thus deuterons inside the neutron blocks
becomes a fundamental building block of 92 kinds of all the natural
atomic nuclei.

Ever hear of something called iron? Can't go beyond it without putting energy
in.


Dr. Yoon's physics defines that the force of binding protons by nuclear
electron ring in atomic nuclei is the nuclear strong force, and proton
↔ neutron with an enormous frequency.

Dr. Yoon's brain is full of mush.


When the nuclear electron ring attached to proton to make a neutron
expands its radius to be an atomic electron ring of hydrogen atom, it
has to emit its structural potential energy (neutrino).

This energy is stored in a neutron and consequently the hydrogen atom
distributed in the cosmic space is NOT the fuel of nuclear fusion of
stars, but is mere an ash exhausted to emit its structural potential
energy which is newly defined as atomic energy by Dr. Hansik Yoon (in
"Natural Science Founded on A New atomic Model"
http://www.yoonsatom.net ).

The giant neutron block had to explode if energy produced by β-decay
was accumulated gradually in it, due to formation of atomic nuclei in
neutron mass.

This might be the so-called Big Bang explosion. The explosion might
produce numerous fragments of neutron blocks with various sizes. The
fragments with giant sizes develop to make the galactic universes with
a variety of sizes.

The fragmented neutron blocks by the explosion turn out to inflate
their volume as atomic nuclei and atomic structures are built inside
them, inserting vacant space inside their structure. Nuclear electron
rings attached to neutrons expand to be atomic electron rings, as they
build atoms, emitting a variety of electromagnetic radiations and mass
particles with high energy. Thus there occurs phase separation inside
the fragmented mass blocks; core phases with a higher density and shell
phases with a lesser density.

A new star is created by the shell phases stripped and spun off from
the core phases, since the fragmented neutron blocks which have ultra
high temperature and pressure must rotate at a fast speed due to the
Big Bang explosion.

The star-making process repeats by countless times, and build a
galactic universe carrying billions of family stars. The star already
spun-off can also produce new stars of second generation, the planets,
and these planets can also spin off new stars of third generation, the
satellites, with the same mechanism of forming new stars. It is assumed
that, for example, the sun is a star of first generation, the earth and
other 9 planets are second generations, and our moon is the third
generation.

This is the mechanism of forming all stars in a galactic universe from
a fragmented neutron mass block.

One evidence that supports this mechanism of forming stars is that few
hundred billions of stars are densely created and distributed within
the limited regions of each galactic universe and orbiting around the
center of galactic universe, carrying their family stars, and no stars
being made outside of each galactic universe.

Second evidence is that our sun rotates around the center of Milky Way
galactic universe, and all of its 10 planets are orbiting along
concentric circular paths on the same plane with respective speeds, and
all satellites orbit also around their planets on the same plane. This
plane and orbiting direction must be the spinning plane and spinning
direction of fragmented neutron mass block.

Based on this new cosmology by Dr. Hansik Yoon, we can reasonably
explain the energy source of the sun and other stars, entirely
different from current understanding. It is the energy that originates
for the nuclear reaction of forming these element atoms from neutrons
contained in them.

The core phase of giant neuron block remained in the center of a
galactic universe plays a role of gravity center for its all family
stars, since neutron mass block has the density of around 7×10^13
metric-tons/cc, approximately 7×10^11 times as large as that of solar
materials, which is equivalent to pull 350 billions of stars as large
as the sun.

Andrew Yee wrote:
Office of Public Relations
University of Missouri-Rolla

Contact: Lance Feyh
Phone: 573-341-4269
Email: lfeyh @ umr.edu

December 1, 2005

SCIENTIST SAYS NEUTRON STARS, NOT BLACK HOLES, AT CENTER OF GALAXIES

ROLLA, Mo. -- For the past 50 years, black holes have been all
the rage. Now, a University of Missouri-Rolla researcher says they never
existed.

Scientists have long believed that hydrogen fusion generates
heat and light in the sun and other ordinary stars for billions of years
before the star collapses into a neutron star or black hole when its
fuel is exhausted. "Most scientists think neutron stars are dead matter,
rather than energized, and that eventually they can collapse and form
black holes at the center of galaxies," says Dr. Oliver Manuel, a
professor of nuclear chemistry at UMR. "In this scenario, the end game
is the end of light as we know it."

Manuel thinks neutron stars are at the beginning of an
astronomical renaissance, so to speak.

In a new paper, http://arxiv.org/pdf/nucl-th/0511051 , Manuel
and his co-authors claim massive neutron stars are the energy source at
the center of galaxies. "The neutron stars break up and form smaller
stars, which drift apart to form planetary systems," Manuel says.

Manuel is the lead author of the new paper, "On the Cosmic
Nuclear Cycle and the Similarity of Nuclei and Stars." In the abstract,
the authors state, "This cycle involves neither the production of matter
in an initial Big Bang, nor the disappearance of matter into black
holes."

Since the 1960s, scientists have more or less assumed that
black holes populate the center of galaxies. Manuel says that assumption
just doesn't make sense to him.

"You should find a hole there, not a huge outpouring of energy
and light," Manuel insists. "If black holes exist at the center of
galaxies, stars should be falling in -- instead of explosively moving
away from the center."

According to Manuel, all of the "fragmentation" created by
neutron stars and the fission of heavy elements at the centers of
galaxies can be explained by "neutron repulsion."

"Neutrons and protons in the nucleus work like the north and
south ends of magnets," Manuel explains. "Neutrons repel neutrons,
protons repel protons, but neutrons attract protons. Neutron repulsion
is the force that energizes neutron stars. This empirical fact was
discovered by five graduate students working with me to decipher the
nuclear mass data for the 2,850 known nuclides in the spring of 2000."

Manuel and the group of UMR graduate students published their
findings in 2000 in the Journal of Fusion Energy.

Last summer, Manuel and other UMR researchers reported that a
small neutron star is at the core of our sun and other ordinary stars.
Those conclusions are forthcoming in the Proceedings of the First Crisis
in Cosmology Conference by the American Institute of Physics.

"The heat, light and hydrogen pouring from these stars are
produced by neutron repulsion in their cores," Manuel says.

Furthermore, according to the UMR scientist, our sun once
belonged to a larger neutron star that exploded to form the current
solar system. He imagines massive neutron stars to be like giant nesting
dolls that give birth to smaller stars.

"The super massive neutron stars break up and form galaxies of
smaller stars, just as the nuclei of the heavy elements break apart,"
Manuel says.

In their paper "On the Cosmic Nuclear Cycle and the Similarity
of Nuclei and Stars," Manuel and co-authors Michael Mozina of Emerging
Technologies and Hilton Ratcliffe of the Astronomical Society of South
Africa argue that neutron repulsion also explains the luminosity of the
sun and other ordinary stars.

"Additionally, neutron repulsion explains extremely high
energy events like quasars, which are associated with high-density
regions of space," Manuel says. "These were previously attributed to
black holes."

* * * * * * *


THE MECHANISM OF STAR FORMATION IN GALAXY.
(adapted from "Natural Science Founded on A New Atomic Model" by Hansik
Yoon)

- The mechanism of star formation from the neutron mass block in
galaxy.
- The giant neuron block at the center of a galaxy as the gravity
center for its all family stars.
- The real source of solar energy.

All kinds of materials in the nature consist of merely two fundamental
particles, proton and electron. If a proton carries an electron at the
closest distance it makes a neutron, while combining it at some
distance it gives a hydrogen atom.

Hydrogen atom or helium atom cannot gather automatically by themselves
to build a giant gas block in the cosmic space (according to "Natural
Science Founded on A New atomic Model" by Hansik Yoon, on page 296 -
http://www.yoonsatom.net ), in which nuclear fusion takes place to
construct element atoms of higher atomic numbers, and new stars are
built from them, or the Stephen Hawking's black hole from singularity
substance produced by collapse of their atomic structure.

The electric repulsion between electrons is 4.17×10^42 times as great
as the gravitational attraction between them from Newtonian and
Coulomb's law. This kind of the lightest elements has a strong effusive
character resulted from the repulsion between their orbital electrons.

So balloons filled with this kind of gases expand endlessly and burst
at the stratosphere of the earth, They are being diluted limitlessly in
the vacant vacuum space.

The gathering process of these light gases results in decreasing their
entropy, so the idea they can gather automatically by themselves
conflicts critically with the Thermodynamic 3rd law.

Hans Bethe predicted that cosmic gases such as hydrogen and helium must
be the fuel of nuclear fusion of the sun or other stars, and he
explained how stars produce energy by nuclear fusion in his work on
nuclear reactions in the 1930s.

However, it appears that he didn't care how these kinds of lightest
gases can continuously be fed to the core phase of the sun or stars
where nuclear fusion takes place. These gases have to avert the
penetration problem through a highly denser celestial material, say,
solar material with an average density of 100g/cc.

According to G. Gamow's, after the Big Bang explosion the basic
elements of hydrogen and helium were built within 10^3 seconds from the
singularity, and then creation of other elements from them, and
formation of few hundred billions of galactic universes were followed
after 10^5 years of the explosion.

Although his story of creating hydrogen and hundred billions of
galactic universes from singularity is imaginary and fictitious, the
story of expanding galactic universes says one of basic orders of mass
world in the nature.

Although the moving order of all the celestial stars are governed by
gravitational attraction and counter balancing centrifugal repulsion
between them given by their orbiting motion, the numerous galactic
universes do not perform such an orbiting circular motion but a
straight linear motion directing in radial symmetric direction with an
accelerated speed, equivalent at least to the gravitational
acceleration (expansion of universe).

It is the only way to avoid the collapse of all galactic universe due
to their gravitational attraction that slows down their expanding
speeds.

If there was certainly the so-called Big Bang explosion in the
beginning of this universe, the giant mass block of pre-explosion was
NOT built from singularity as believed today, but surely with pure
neutrons.

Allegedly the singularity is an imaginary substance invented by Stephen
Hawking who predicted the existence of Black Hole built with this
singularity.

It seems that he was quite ignorant for the atomic structure. For
instance, hydrogen atom has 10^ -10 meters in diameter, while its
proton nucleus 10^ -15 meters in diameter, so their volume ratio is
1/10^15. It says that atomic structure is built with 99.999999.....% of
vacant space.

If this vacant space is excluded from hydrogen atom, the density of
pure mass well exceeds to be the utmost value of 7×10^7 metric
tons/cc, approximately 7×10^11 times as large as that of solar
materials.

Neutrons are hydrogen atoms from which their vacant space is excluded,
according to Dr. Yoon's physics.

Why is Stephen Hawking's singularity needed to build his black hole?

In addition, atomic structure is difficult to be collapsed due to a
massive gravitation since it has an enormously elastic resiliency like
a steel ball against external compression.

Dr. Hansik Yoon assumed that neutron was at first built from the
original elementary mass particles, proton and electron, by taking up
energy from a some hot energy source of cosmic furnace.

The evidence is that it emits energy it absorbed in reverse when it
decomposes to produce a proton and an electron. So neutron is possible
to pile up to make a giant block due to their gravitational attraction,
without violating the natural law of thermodynamics since they are
electrically perfect neutral, according to "Natural Science Founded on
A New atomic Model" by Hansik Yoon. (www.yoonsatom.net and
http://yoonsphysics.blogspot.com/ )

newedana wrote:
Andrew Yee wrote:
Office of Public Relations
University of Missouri-Rolla

Contact: Lance Feyh
Phone: 573-341-4269
Email: lfeyh @ umr.edu

December 1, 2005

SCIENTIST SAYS NEUTRON STARS, NOT BLACK HOLES, AT CENTER OF GALAXIES

ROLLA, Mo. -- For the past 50 years, black holes have been all
the rage. Now, a University of Missouri-Rolla researcher says they never
existed.

Scientists have long believed that hydrogen fusion generates
heat and light in the sun and other ordinary stars for billions of years
before the star collapses into a neutron star or black hole when its
fuel is exhausted. "Most scientists think neutron stars are dead matter,
rather than energized, and that eventually they can collapse and form
black holes at the center of galaxies," says Dr. Oliver Manuel, a
professor of nuclear chemistry at UMR. "In this scenario, the end game
is the end of light as we know it."

Manuel thinks neutron stars are at the beginning of an
astronomical renaissance, so to speak.

In a new paper, http://arxiv.org/pdf/nucl-th/0511051 , Manuel
and his co-authors claim massive neutron stars are the energy source at
the center of galaxies. "The neutron stars break up and form smaller
stars, which drift apart to form planetary systems," Manuel says.

Manuel is the lead author of the new paper, "On the Cosmic
Nuclear Cycle and the Similarity of Nuclei and Stars." In the abstract,
the authors state, "This cycle involves neither the production of matter
in an initial Big Bang, nor the disappearance of matter into black
holes."

Since the 1960s, scientists have more or less assumed that
black holes populate the center of galaxies. Manuel says that assumption
just doesn't make sense to him.

"You should find a hole there, not a huge outpouring of energy
and light," Manuel insists. "If black holes exist at the center of
galaxies, stars should be falling in -- instead of explosively moving
away from the center."

According to Manuel, all of the "fragmentation" created by
neutron stars and the fission of heavy elements at the centers of
galaxies can be explained by "neutron repulsion."

"Neutrons and protons in the nucleus work like the north and
south ends of magnets," Manuel explains. "Neutrons repel neutrons,
protons repel protons, but neutrons attract protons. Neutron repulsion
is the force that energizes neutron stars. This empirical fact was
discovered by five graduate students working with me to decipher the
nuclear mass data for the 2,850 known nuclides in the spring of 2000."

Manuel and the group of UMR graduate students published their
findings in 2000 in the Journal of Fusion Energy.

Last summer, Manuel and other UMR researchers reported that a
small neutron star is at the core of our sun and other ordinary stars.
Those conclusions are forthcoming in the Proceedings of the First Crisis
in Cosmology Conference by the American Institute of Physics.

"The heat, light and hydrogen pouring from these stars are
produced by neutron repulsion in their cores," Manuel says.

Furthermore, according to the UMR scientist, our sun once
belonged to a larger neutron star that exploded to form the current
solar system. He imagines massive neutron stars to be like giant nesting
dolls that give birth to smaller stars.

"The super massive neutron stars break up and form galaxies of
smaller stars, just as the nuclei of the heavy elements break apart,"
Manuel says.

In their paper "On the Cosmic Nuclear Cycle and the Similarity
of Nuclei and Stars," Manuel and co-authors Michael Mozina of Emerging
Technologies and Hilton Ratcliffe of the Astronomical Society of South
Africa argue that neutron repulsion also explains the luminosity of the
sun and other ordinary stars.

"Additionally, neutron repulsion explains extremely high
energy events like quasars, which are associated with high-density
regions of space," Manuel says. "These were previously attributed to
black holes."

* * * * * * *


THE MECHANISM OF STAR FORMATION IN GALAXY.
(adapted from "Natural Science Founded on A New Atomic Model" by Hansik
Yoon)

- The mechanism of star formation from the neutron mass block in
galaxy.
- The giant neuron block at the center of a galaxy as the gravity
center for its all family stars.
- The real source of solar energy.

All kinds of materials in the nature consist of merely two fundamental
particles, proton and electron. If a proton carries an electron at the
closest distance it makes a neutron, while combining it at some
distance it gives a hydrogen atom.

Hydrogen atom or helium atom cannot gather automatically by themselves
to build a giant gas block in the cosmic space (according to "Natural
Science Founded on A New atomic Model" by Hansik Yoon, on page 296 -
http://www.yoonsatom.net ), in which nuclear fusion takes place to
construct element atoms of higher atomic numbers, and new stars are
built from them, or the Stephen Hawking's black hole from singularity
substance produced by collapse of their atomic structure.

The electric repulsion between electrons is 4.17×10^42 times as great
as the gravitational attraction between them from Newtonian and
Coulomb's law. This kind of the lightest elements has a strong effusive
character resulted from the repulsion between their orbital electrons.

So balloons filled with this kind of gases expand endlessly and burst
at the stratosphere of the earth, They are being diluted limitlessly in
the vacant vacuum space.

The gathering process of these light gases results in decreasing their
entropy, so the idea they can gather automatically by themselves
conflicts critically with the Thermodynamic 3rd law.

Hans Bethe predicted that cosmic gases such as hydrogen and helium must
be the fuel of nuclear fusion of the sun or other stars, and he
explained how stars produce energy by nuclear fusion in his work on
nuclear reactions in the 1930s.

However, it appears that he didn't care how these kinds of lightest
gases can continuously be fed to the core phase of the sun or stars
where nuclear fusion takes place. These gases have to avert the
penetration problem through a highly denser celestial material, say,
solar material with an average density of 100g/cc.

According to G. Gamow's, after the Big Bang explosion the basic
elements of hydrogen and helium were built within 10^3 seconds from the
singularity, and then creation of other elements from them, and
formation of few hundred billions of galactic universes were followed
after 10^5 years of the explosion.

Although his story of creating hydrogen and hundred billions of
galactic universes from singularity is imaginary and fictitious, the
story of expanding galactic universes says one of basic orders of mass
world in the nature.

Although the moving order of all the celestial stars are governed by
gravitational attraction and counter balancing centrifugal repulsion
between them given by their orbiting motion, the numerous galactic
universes do not perform such an orbiting circular motion but a
straight linear motion directing in radial symmetric direction with an
accelerated speed, equivalent at least to the gravitational
acceleration (expansion of universe).

It is the only way to avoid the collapse of all galactic universe due
to their gravitational attraction that slows down their expanding
speeds.

If there was certainly the so-called Big Bang explosion in the
beginning of this universe, the giant mass block of pre-explosion was
NOT built from singularity as believed today, but surely with pure
neutrons.

Allegedly the singularity is an imaginary substance invented by Stephen
Hawking who predicted the existence of Black Hole built with this
singularity.

It seems that he was quite ignorant for the atomic structure. For
instance, hydrogen atom has 10^ -10 meters in diameter, while its
proton nucleus 10^ -15 meters in diameter, so their volume ratio is
1/10^15. It says that atomic structure is built with 99.999999.....% of
vacant space.

It doesn't matter what he knew about atoms,
Since his theory is based on the pauli exclusion prunciple
not atoms.




If this vacant space is excluded from hydrogen atom, the density of
pure mass well exceeds to be the utmost value of 7×10^7 metric
tons/cc, approximately 7×10^11 times as large as that of solar
materials.

But the theory applies at Planck time scales.
not atomic time scales.

Andrew Yee wrote:
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.a...f?dmode=source

Office of Public Relations
University of Missouri-Rolla

Contact: Lance Feyh
Phone: 573-341-4269
Email: lfeyh @ umr.edu


December 1, 2005


SCIENTIST SAYS NEUTRON STARS, NOT BLACK HOLES, AT CENTER OF GALAXIES


ROLLA, Mo. -- For the past 50 years, black holes have been all
the rage. Now, a University of Missouri-Rolla researcher says they never
existed.


Scientists have long believed that hydrogen fusion generates
heat and light in the sun and other ordinary stars for billions of years
before the star collapses into a neutron star or black hole when its
fuel is exhausted. "Most scientists think neutron stars are dead matter,
rather than energized, and that eventually they can collapse and form
black holes at the center of galaxies," says Dr. Oliver Manuel, a
professor of nuclear chemistry at UMR. "In this scenario, the end game
is the end of light as we know it."


Manuel thinks neutron stars are at the beginning of an
astronomical renaissance, so to speak.


In a new paper, http://arxiv.org/pdf/nucl-th/0511051 , Manuel
and his co-authors claim massive neutron stars are the energy source at
the center of galaxies. "The neutron stars break up and form smaller
stars, which drift apart to form planetary systems," Manuel says.


Manuel is the lead author of the new paper, "On the Cosmic
Nuclear Cycle and the Similarity of Nuclei and Stars." In the abstract,
the authors state, "This cycle involves neither the production of matter
in an initial Big Bang, nor the disappearance of matter into black
holes."


Since the 1960s, scientists have more or less assumed that
black holes populate the center of galaxies. Manuel says that assumption
just doesn't make sense to him.


"You should find a hole there, not a huge outpouring of energy
and light," Manuel insists. "If black holes exist at the center of
galaxies, stars should be falling in -- instead of explosively moving
away from the center."


According to Manuel, all of the "fragmentation" created by
neutron stars and the fission of heavy elements at the centers of
galaxies can be explained by "neutron repulsion."


"Neutrons and protons in the nucleus work like the north and
south ends of magnets," Manuel explains. "Neutrons repel neutrons,
protons repel protons, but neutrons attract protons. Neutron repulsion
is the force that energizes neutron stars. This empirical fact was
discovered by five graduate students working with me to decipher the
nuclear mass data for the 2,850 known nuclides in the spring of 2000."


Manuel and the group of UMR graduate students published their
findings in 2000 in the Journal of Fusion Energy.


Last summer, Manuel and other UMR researchers reported that a
small neutron star is at the core of our sun and other ordinary stars.
Those conclusions are forthcoming in the Proceedings of the First Crisis
in Cosmology Conference by the American Institute of Physics.


"The heat, light and hydrogen pouring from these stars are
produced by neutron repulsion in their cores," Manuel says.


Furthermore, according to the UMR scientist, our sun once
belonged to a larger neutron star that exploded to form the current
solar system. He imagines massive neutron stars to be like giant nesting
dolls that give birth to smaller stars.


"The super massive neutron stars break up and form galaxies of
smaller stars, just as the nuclei of the heavy elements break apart,"
Manuel says.


In their paper "On the Cosmic Nuclear Cycle and the Similarity
of Nuclei and Stars," Manuel and co-authors Michael Mozina of Emerging
Technologies and Hilton Ratcliffe of the Astronomical Society of South
Africa argue that neutron repulsion also explains the luminosity of the
sun and other ordinary stars.


"Additionally, neutron repulsion explains extremely high
energy events like quasars, which are associated with high-density
regions of space," Manuel says. "These were previously attributed to
black holes."


THE MECHANISM OF STAR FORMATION IN GALAXY (continued)

Neutron decomposes by β-decay to produce a proton and an electron to
build a hydrogen atom, releasing energy. Since inside of the neutron
mass must be a supercritical environment of ultra high temperature and
pressure, there can occur a variety of nuclear reaction.

For example, if a proton produced by β-decay combines another neutron
nearby it turns out to build a deuteron. Deuterons thus made are also
possible to bind themselves to construct a helium nucleus in such a
supercritical environment. Thus deuterons inside the neutron blocks
becomes a fundamental building block of 92 kinds of all the natural
atomic nuclei.

Dr. Yoon's physics defines that the force of binding protons by nuclear
electron ring in atomic nuclei is the nuclear strong force, and proton
↔ neutron with an enormous frequency.

When the nuclear electron ring attached to proton to make a neutron
expands its radius to be an atomic electron ring of hydrogen atom, it
has to emit its structural potential energy (neutrino).

This energy is stored in a neutron and consequently the hydrogen atom
distributed in the cosmic space is NOT the fuel of nuclear fusion of
stars, but is mere an ash exhausted to emit its structural potential
energy which is newly defined as atomic energy by Dr. Hansik Yoon (in
"Natural Science Founded on A New atomic Model"
http://www.yoonsatom.net ).

The giant neutron block had to explode if energy produced by β-decay
was accumulated gradually in it, due to formation of atomic nuclei in
neutron mass.

This might be the so-called Big Bang explosion. The explosion might
produce numerous fragments of neutron blocks with various sizes. The
fragments with giant sizes develop to make the galactic universes with
a variety of sizes.

The fragmented neutron blocks by the explosion turn out to inflate
their volume as atomic nuclei and atomic structures are built inside
them, inserting vacant space inside their structure. Nuclear electron
rings attached to neutrons expand to be atomic electron rings, as they
build atoms, emitting a variety of electromagnetic radiations and mass
particles with high energy. Thus there occurs phase separation inside
the fragmented mass blocks; core phases with a higher density and shell
phases with a lesser density.

A new star is created by the shell phases stripped and spun off from
the core phases, since the fragmented neutron blocks which have ultra
high temperature and pressure must rotate at a fast speed due to the
Big Bang explosion.

The star-making process repeats by countless times, and build a
galactic universe carrying billions of family stars. The star already
spun-off can also produce new stars of second generation, the planets,
and these planets can also spin off new stars of third generation, the
satellites, with the same mechanism of forming new stars. It is assumed
that, for example, the sun is a star of first generation, the earth and
other 9 planets are second generations, and our moon is the third
generation.

This is the mechanism of forming all stars in a galactic universe from
a fragmented neutron mass block.

One evidence that supports this mechanism of forming stars is that few
hundred billions of stars are densely created and distributed within
the limited regions of each galactic universe and orbiting around the
center of galactic universe, carrying their family stars, and no stars
being made outside of each galactic universe.

Second evidence is that our sun rotates around the center of Milky Way
galactic universe, and all of its 10 planets are orbiting along
concentric circular paths on the same plane with respective speeds, and
all satellites orbit also around their planets on the same plane. This
plane and orbiting direction must be the spinning plane and spinning
direction of fragmented neutron mass block.

Based on this new cosmology by Dr. Hansik Yoon, we can reasonably
explain the energy source of the sun and other stars, entirely
different from current understanding. It is the energy that originates
for the nuclear reaction of forming these element atoms from neutrons
contained in them.

The core phase of giant neuron block remained in the center of a
galactic universe plays a role of gravity center for its all family
stars, since neutron mass block has the density of around 7×10^13
metric-tons/cc, approximately 7×10^11 times as large as that of solar
materials, which is equivalent to pull 350 billions of stars as large
as the sun.

Active galaxy is a young galaxy where active formation of atomic nuclei
and new stars takes place, emitting across most of the electromagnetic
spectrum, as infrared, radio waves, UV, X-ray and gamma rays.

In the center of galactic universe there must exist such a neutron star
with a giant size, emitting across most of electromagnetic spectrum and
all kind of mass particles with the highest energy.

The sun blows out the solar wind, involving atomic nuclei such as
proton, deuteron, and helium nucleus which turn finally into cosmic
gases. The fixed stars that are young and active in their nuclear
reaction, also blow out these kind of winds involving a variety of
atomic nuclei like the solar wind which effects to bend and focus star
lights passing nearby, acting like a optical lens, according to Dr.
Yoon's new physics.

The sun must contain still a large amount of neutrons that develop into
atomic nuclei, emitting energy which is the source of solar energy. The
earth might have such neutron mass decaying very slowly and inertly to
give out heat from its core phase to sustain global temperature.

However, a sudden active nuclear reaction might be the energy source of
triggering earthquakes and volcano explosion, according to "Natural
Science Founded on A New atomic Model" by Hansik Yoon.
(www.yoonsatom.net and http://yoonsphysics.blogspot.com/ )

newedana wrote:
Andrew Yee wrote:

Office of Public Relations
University of Missouri-Rolla

Contact: Lance Feyh
Phone: 573-341-4269
Email: lfeyh @ umr.edu

December 1, 2005

SCIENTIST SAYS NEUTRON STARS, NOT BLACK HOLES, AT CENTER OF GALAXIES

ROLLA, Mo. -- For the past 50 years, black holes have been all
the rage. Now, a University of Missouri-Rolla researcher says they never
existed.

Scientists have long believed that hydrogen fusion generates
heat and light in the sun and other ordinary stars for billions of years
before the star collapses into a neutron star or black hole when its
fuel is exhausted. "Most scientists think neutron stars are dead matter,
rather than energized, and that eventually they can collapse and form
black holes at the center of galaxies," says Dr. Oliver Manuel, a
professor of nuclear chemistry at UMR. "In this scenario, the end game
is the end of light as we know it."

Manuel thinks neutron stars are at the beginning of an
astronomical renaissance, so to speak.

In a new paper, http://arxiv.org/pdf/nucl-th/0511051 , Manuel
and his co-authors claim massive neutron stars are the energy source at
the center of galaxies. "The neutron stars break up and form smaller
stars, which drift apart to form planetary systems," Manuel says.

Manuel is the lead author of the new paper, "On the Cosmic
Nuclear Cycle and the Similarity of Nuclei and Stars." In the abstract,
the authors state, "This cycle involves neither the production of matter
in an initial Big Bang, nor the disappearance of matter into black
holes."

Since the 1960s, scientists have more or less assumed that
black holes populate the center of galaxies. Manuel says that assumption
just doesn't make sense to him.

"You should find a hole there, not a huge outpouring of energy
and light," Manuel insists. "If black holes exist at the center of
galaxies, stars should be falling in -- instead of explosively moving
away from the center."

According to Manuel, all of the "fragmentation" created by
neutron stars and the fission of heavy elements at the centers of
galaxies can be explained by "neutron repulsion."

"Neutrons and protons in the nucleus work like the north and
south ends of magnets," Manuel explains. "Neutrons repel neutrons,
protons repel protons, but neutrons attract protons. Neutron repulsion
is the force that energizes neutron stars. This empirical fact was
discovered by five graduate students working with me to decipher the
nuclear mass data for the 2,850 known nuclides in the spring of 2000."

Manuel and the group of UMR graduate students published their
findings in 2000 in the Journal of Fusion Energy.

Last summer, Manuel and other UMR researchers reported that a
small neutron star is at the core of our sun and other ordinary stars.
Those conclusions are forthcoming in the Proceedings of the First Crisis
in Cosmology Conference by the American Institute of Physics.

"The heat, light and hydrogen pouring from these stars are
produced by neutron repulsion in their cores," Manuel says.

Furthermore, according to the UMR scientist, our sun once
belonged to a larger neutron star that exploded to form the current
solar system. He imagines massive neutron stars to be like giant nesting
dolls that give birth to smaller stars.

"The super massive neutron stars break up and form galaxies of
smaller stars, just as the nuclei of the heavy elements break apart,"
Manuel says.

In their paper "On the Cosmic Nuclear Cycle and the Similarity
of Nuclei and Stars," Manuel and co-authors Michael Mozina of Emerging
Technologies and Hilton Ratcliffe of the Astronomical Society of South
Africa argue that neutron repulsion also explains the luminosity of the
sun and other ordinary stars.

"Additionally, neutron repulsion explains extremely high
energy events like quasars, which are associated with high-density
regions of space," Manuel says. "These were previously attributed to
black holes."


* * * * * * *


THE MECHANISM OF STAR FORMATION IN GALAXY.
(adapted from "Natural Science Founded on A New Atomic Model" by Hansik
Yoon)

- The mechanism of star formation from the neutron mass block in
galaxy.
- The giant neuron block at the center of a galaxy as the gravity
center for its all family stars.
- The real source of solar energy.

All kinds of materials in the nature consist of merely two fundamental
particles, proton and electron. If a proton carries an electron at the
closest distance it makes a neutron, while combining it at some
distance it gives a hydrogen atom.

Hydrogen atom or helium atom cannot gather automatically by themselves
to build a giant gas block in the cosmic space (according to "Natural
Science Founded on A New atomic Model" by Hansik Yoon, on page 296 -
http://www.yoonsatom.net ), in which nuclear fusion takes place to
construct element atoms of higher atomic numbers, and new stars are
built from them, or the Stephen Hawking's black hole from singularity
substance produced by collapse of their atomic structure.

The electric repulsion between electrons is 4.17×10^42 times as great
as the gravitational attraction between them from Newtonian and
Coulomb's law. This kind of the lightest elements has a strong effusive
character resulted from the repulsion between their orbital electrons.

So balloons filled with this kind of gases expand endlessly and burst
at the stratosphere of the earth, They are being diluted limitlessly in
the vacant vacuum space.

The gathering process of these light gases results in decreasing their
entropy, so the idea they can gather automatically by themselves
conflicts critically with the Thermodynamic 3rd law.

Hans Bethe predicted that cosmic gases such as hydrogen and helium must
be the fuel of nuclear fusion of the sun or other stars, and he
explained how stars produce energy by nuclear fusion in his work on
nuclear reactions in the 1930s.

However, it appears that he didn't care how these kinds of lightest
gases can continuously be fed to the core phase of the sun or stars
where nuclear fusion takes place. These gases have to avert the
penetration problem through a highly denser celestial material, say,
solar material with an average density of 100g/cc.

According to G. Gamow's, after the Big Bang explosion the basic
elements of hydrogen and helium were built within 10^3 seconds from the
singularity, and then creation of other elements from them, and
formation of few hundred billions of galactic universes were followed
after 10^5 years of the explosion.

Although his story of creating hydrogen and hundred billions of
galactic universes from singularity is imaginary and fictitious, the
story of expanding galactic universes says one of basic orders of mass
world in the nature.

Although the moving order of all the celestial stars are governed by
gravitational attraction and counter balancing centrifugal repulsion
between them given by their orbiting motion, the numerous galactic
universes do not perform such an orbiting circular motion but a
straight linear motion directing in radial symmetric direction with an
accelerated speed, equivalent at least to the gravitational
acceleration (expansion of universe).

It is the only way to avoid the collapse of all galactic universe due
to their gravitational attraction that slows down their expanding
speeds.

If there was certainly the so-called Big Bang explosion in the
beginning of this universe, the giant mass block of pre-explosion was
NOT built from singularity as believed today, but surely with pure
neutrons.

Allegedly the singularity is an imaginary substance invented by Stephen
Hawking who predicted the existence of Black Hole built with this
singularity.

It seems that he was quite ignorant for the atomic structure. For
instance, hydrogen atom has 10^ -10 meters in diameter, while its
proton nucleus 10^ -15 meters in diameter, so their volume ratio is
1/10^15. It says that atomic structure is built with 99.999999.....% of
vacant space.

If this vacant space is excluded from hydrogen atom, the density of
pure mass well exceeds to be the utmost value of 7×10^7 metric
tons/cc, approximately 7×10^11 times as large as that of solar
materials.

Neutrons are hydrogen atoms from which their vacant space is excluded,
according to Dr. Yoon's physics.

Why is Stephen Hawking's singularity needed to build his black hole?

In addition, atomic structure is difficult to be collapsed due to a
massive gravitation since it has an enormously elastic resiliency like
a steel ball against external compression.

Dr. Hansik Yoon assumed that neutron was at first built from the
original elementary mass particles, proton and electron, by taking up
energy from a some hot energy source of cosmic furnace.

The evidence is that it emits energy it absorbed in reverse when it
decomposes to produce a proton and an electron. So neutron is possible
to pile up to make a giant block due to their gravitational attraction,
without violating the natural law of thermodynamics since they are
electrically perfect neutral, according to "Natural Science Founded on
A New atomic Model" by Hansik Yoon. (www.yoonsatom.net and
http://yoonsphysics.blogspot.com/ )

Galaxy Model for the Atom
http://users.accesscomm.ca/john/
The center of the galaxy/atom is the
nucleus.
The SPIN at the center re-establishes
neutrons into highly-charged plasma,
which is repelled out the poles and re-forms into
stars, which radiate until they become neutron stars
and are no longer repelled, fall in, spin up, and
on and on and on.
John

Happy Hippy wrote:
newedana wrote:

Andrew Yee wrote:

Office of Public Relations
University of Missouri-Rolla

Contact: Lance Feyh
Phone: 573-341-4269
Email: lfeyh @ umr.edu

December 1, 2005

SCIENTIST SAYS NEUTRON STARS, NOT BLACK HOLES, AT CENTER OF GALAXIES

ROLLA, Mo. -- For the past 50 years, black holes have been all
the rage. Now, a University of Missouri-Rolla researcher says they never
existed.

Scientists have long believed that hydrogen fusion generates
heat and light in the sun and other ordinary stars for billions of years
before the star collapses into a neutron star or black hole when its
fuel is exhausted. "Most scientists think neutron stars are dead matter,
rather than energized, and that eventually they can collapse and form
black holes at the center of galaxies," says Dr. Oliver Manuel, a
professor of nuclear chemistry at UMR. "In this scenario, the end game
is the end of light as we know it."

Manuel thinks neutron stars are at the beginning of an
astronomical renaissance, so to speak.

In a new paper, http://arxiv.org/pdf/nucl-th/0511051 , Manuel
and his co-authors claim massive neutron stars are the energy source at
the center of galaxies. "The neutron stars break up and form smaller
stars, which drift apart to form planetary systems," Manuel says.

Manuel is the lead author of the new paper, "On the Cosmic
Nuclear Cycle and the Similarity of Nuclei and Stars." In the abstract,
the authors state, "This cycle involves neither the production of matter
in an initial Big Bang, nor the disappearance of matter into black
holes."

Since the 1960s, scientists have more or less assumed that
black holes populate the center of galaxies. Manuel says that assumption
just doesn't make sense to him.

"You should find a hole there, not a huge outpouring of energy
and light," Manuel insists. "If black holes exist at the center of
galaxies, stars should be falling in -- instead of explosively moving
away from the center."

According to Manuel, all of the "fragmentation" created by
neutron stars and the fission of heavy elements at the centers of
galaxies can be explained by "neutron repulsion."

"Neutrons and protons in the nucleus work like the north and
south ends of magnets," Manuel explains. "Neutrons repel neutrons,
protons repel protons, but neutrons attract protons. Neutron repulsion
is the force that energizes neutron stars. This empirical fact was
discovered by five graduate students working with me to decipher the
nuclear mass data for the 2,850 known nuclides in the spring of 2000."

Manuel and the group of UMR graduate students published their
findings in 2000 in the Journal of Fusion Energy.

Last summer, Manuel and other UMR researchers reported that a
small neutron star is at the core of our sun and other ordinary stars.
Those conclusions are forthcoming in the Proceedings of the First Crisis
in Cosmology Conference by the American Institute of Physics.

"The heat, light and hydrogen pouring from these stars are
produced by neutron repulsion in their cores," Manuel says.

Furthermore, according to the UMR scientist, our sun once
belonged to a larger neutron star that exploded to form the current
solar system. He imagines massive neutron stars to be like giant nesting
dolls that give birth to smaller stars.

"The super massive neutron stars break up and form galaxies of
smaller stars, just as the nuclei of the heavy elements break apart,"
Manuel says.

In their paper "On the Cosmic Nuclear Cycle and the Similarity
of Nuclei and Stars," Manuel and co-authors Michael Mozina of Emerging
Technologies and Hilton Ratcliffe of the Astronomical Society of South
Africa argue that neutron repulsion also explains the luminosity of the
sun and other ordinary stars.

"Additionally, neutron repulsion explains extremely high
energy events like quasars, which are associated with high-density
regions of space," Manuel says. "These were previously attributed to
black holes."



* * * * * * *


THE MECHANISM OF STAR FORMATION IN GALAXY.
(adapted from "Natural Science Founded on A New Atomic Model" by Hansik
Yoon)

- The mechanism of star formation from the neutron mass block in
galaxy.
- The giant neuron block at the center of a galaxy as the gravity
center for its all family stars.
- The real source of solar energy.

All kinds of materials in the nature consist of merely two fundamental
particles, proton and electron. If a proton carries an electron at the
closest distance it makes a neutron, while combining it at some
distance it gives a hydrogen atom.

Hydrogen atom or helium atom cannot gather automatically by themselves
to build a giant gas block in the cosmic space (according to "Natural
Science Founded on A New atomic Model" by Hansik Yoon, on page 296 -
http://www.yoonsatom.net ), in which nuclear fusion takes place to
construct element atoms of higher atomic numbers, and new stars are
built from them, or the Stephen Hawking's black hole from singularity
substance produced by collapse of their atomic structure.

The electric repulsion between electrons is 4.17×10^42 times as great
as the gravitational attraction between them from Newtonian and
Coulomb's law. This kind of the lightest elements has a strong effusive
character resulted from the repulsion between their orbital electrons.

So balloons filled with this kind of gases expand endlessly and burst
at the stratosphere of the earth, They are being diluted limitlessly in
the vacant vacuum space.

The gathering process of these light gases results in decreasing their
entropy, so the idea they can gather automatically by themselves
conflicts critically with the Thermodynamic 3rd law.

Hans Bethe predicted that cosmic gases such as hydrogen and helium must
be the fuel of nuclear fusion of the sun or other stars, and he
explained how stars produce energy by nuclear fusion in his work on
nuclear reactions in the 1930s.

However, it appears that he didn't care how these kinds of lightest
gases can continuously be fed to the core phase of the sun or stars
where nuclear fusion takes place. These gases have to avert the
penetration problem through a highly denser celestial material, say,
solar material with an average density of 100g/cc.

According to G. Gamow's, after the Big Bang explosion the basic
elements of hydrogen and helium were built within 10^3 seconds from the
singularity, and then creation of other elements from them, and
formation of few hundred billions of galactic universes were followed
after 10^5 years of the explosion.

Although his story of creating hydrogen and hundred billions of
galactic universes from singularity is imaginary and fictitious, the
story of expanding galactic universes says one of basic orders of mass
world in the nature.

Although the moving order of all the celestial stars are governed by
gravitational attraction and counter balancing centrifugal repulsion
between them given by their orbiting motion, the numerous galactic
universes do not perform such an orbiting circular motion but a
straight linear motion directing in radial symmetric direction with an
accelerated speed, equivalent at least to the gravitational
acceleration (expansion of universe).

It is the only way to avoid the collapse of all galactic universe due
to their gravitational attraction that slows down their expanding
speeds.

If there was certainly the so-called Big Bang explosion in the
beginning of this universe, the giant mass block of pre-explosion was
NOT built from singularity as believed today, but surely with pure
neutrons.

Allegedly the singularity is an imaginary substance invented by Stephen
Hawking who predicted the existence of Black Hole built with this
singularity.

It seems that he was quite ignorant for the atomic structure. For
instance, hydrogen atom has 10^ -10 meters in diameter, while its
proton nucleus 10^ -15 meters in diameter, so their volume ratio is
1/10^15. It says that atomic structure is built with 99.999999.....% of
vacant space.

If this vacant space is excluded from hydrogen atom, the density of
pure mass well exceeds to be the utmost value of 7×10^7 metric
tons/cc, approximately 7×10^11 times as large as that of solar
materials.

Neutrons are hydrogen atoms from which their vacant space is excluded,
according to Dr. Yoon's physics.

Why is Stephen Hawking's singularity needed to build his black hole?

In addition, atomic structure is difficult to be collapsed due to a
massive gravitation since it has an enormously elastic resiliency like
a steel ball against external compression.

Dr. Hansik Yoon assumed that neutron was at first built from the
original elementary mass particles, proton and electron, by taking up
energy from a some hot energy source of cosmic furnace.

The evidence is that it emits energy it absorbed in reverse when it
decomposes to produce a proton and an electron. So neutron is possible
to pile up to make a giant block due to their gravitational attraction,
without violating the natural law of thermodynamics since they are
electrically perfect neutral, according to "Natural Science Founded on
A New atomic Model" by Hansik Yoon. (www.yoonsatom.net and
http://yoonsphysics.blogspot.com/ )

Galaxy Model for the Atom
http://users.accesscomm.ca/john/
The center of the galaxy/atom is the
nucleus.
The stars become spent and neutron stars result.
These are heavy/non-repelled electrically by the
massive nucleus. They fall into the center.
The SPIN at the center re-establishes
neutrons into highly-charged plasma,
(by separating the charges. Neutrons are both positive
and negative; spinning both the same way very rapidly
creates opposite magnetic fields)
which is repelled out the poles and re-forms into
stars, which radiate until they become neutron stars
and are no longer repelled, fall in, spin up,
(get spit back out)
and
on and on and on.
John

The only question is
'Whence the spin?'
The answer:
The Universe is spinning.

Happy Hippy wrote:


The only question is
'Whence the spin?'
The answer:
The Universe is spinning.

There is plenty of spinning going on *within* the universe, but the
universe as a whole....

Assuming the inflationary scenario is correct, one would expect any
universal rotation to be extremely small.

Some Papers involving "Rotation of the Universe"
http://www.google.com/search?q=%22ro...%3AarX iv.org