Essay: Cold Fusion Is Really Solid-State Fusion.
(Passing the test of two miracles.)

©Russ George, Half Moon Bay, CA November 2004
Cold fusion, a startling discovery to many 15 years ago, is now
attaining a tangible place in the world of science. More than a few
have described it as being the single greatest discovery in human
history. As such, like many of the really major discoveries of science,
it is taking a well-worn path through the long, slow process of denial,
begrudging acceptance, and finally (hopefully soon) the great
hallelujah of realization. Take for example Galileo's discovery that
the universe did not revolved around the earth, an observation for
which he was condemned by both the community of science for decades and
the Church for centuries, in-spite of the fact that his description of
those discoveries were absolutely correct from the very first. This
difficult path for truly monumental discoveries was not overlooked by
countless traditional physicists in 1989 who said for Cold Fusion to be
real it encompasses and must account for two major miracles. The first
of these miracles is to pass the, believed to be, nearly impenetrable
repulsive Coulomb barrier preventing fusion of two atoms. Here-to-for,
it was believed this might only be breached at super high temperatures
such as those found it the core of a star. The second miracle, once the
first barrier to fusion was passed, was that such fusion must be
accompanied instantly by intense radiation. Passing the test of one
major miracle is a tough task, passing two is nigh unto impossible...
or is it?

COLD fusion is a radiation free nuclear reaction that, in its simplest
form, fuses two hydrogen atoms to form a single helium atom. In this
fusion, each new helium atom created is accompanied, as Einstein's
equation E=Mc2 predicts, by 24 million electron volts of energy. To put
this into a more common perspective, 1 gram of hydrogen (cold fusion
fuel) can yield 100 billion watts of energy (power). How and where does
this occur? It all takes place inside hydrogen loving metals, those
metals that soak up hydrogen like a sponge. Hence, cold fusion is
solid-state fusion and is best explained using the language we use to
explain solid-state electronics.

To begin, we must remember the hydrogen atom is unique in that it has
only one electron. When hydrogen enters into hydrogen loving metal it
does so by sharing it's electron with the much more massive metal
atoms, all of which have many electrons. We know that atoms in metals
share many electrons contributing to what is known as the electron or
Fermi Sea. This is why electricity conducts so nicely in metals. Well
it happens that when a hydrogen atom shares its lone electron with this
electron sea what remains is a positively charged nucleus. From many
studies, we know that a bare positively charged hydrogen nucleus also
conducts in some metals, this is called proton conduction.

When we apply standard solid-state physics equations, those that allow
us to calculate and predict the characteristics and behaviour of
electrons in metals that we use to manage solid-state electronic
devices, to positively charged conducting hydrogen nuclei in the
solid-state we find the equations work very well. Since a heavy
hydrogen nucleus, a deuteron, is very massive compared to an electron,
the wavelength shortens (it is 1/4000th that of an electron), hence we
can only observe solid-state phenomena in very tiny metal lattices,
down around a few tens of nanometers. When we look, mathematically, at
the wave mechanics of deuterons in such small domains, we can describe
and predict what happens to it in the solid-state. The essence of this
solid-state condition is that the population of some millions of
deuterons in a tiny lattice becomes coherent and now acts as much or
more like a wave than a particle. In electron solid-state physics we
call this a Bloch wave and in it, each coherent electron appears to
occupy every location in the conduction band at once. This is why when
we put an electron in one end of a conductor it appears almost
instantly at the other end for our use. It is the same with coherent
deuterons in a Bloch wave. The particle nature is still there but
greatly changed as each nucleus is now part of a large population
making up a coherent wave. Thanks again Albert (and your friend
Satyendra Bose) for telling us to be on the lookout for coherent
Bose-Einstein Condensate states of matter. And a special thanks to
Satyendra for telling us about bosons an important but deeper level
part of this story.
(Hint - deuterons are bosons.)

In commonly applied electron solid-state engineering calculations, time
as a factor is not so important since things are moving so very fast
that time has a rather singular influence. In the massive deuterium
solid-state wave, time becomes a very powerful factor as it takes time
for these particles/waves to move from one place to the next. So we add
time as an important factor back into the solid-state equations and now
we are dealing with space-time equations. Under this condition momentum
or lack there-of, not velocity, rules and reactions, from a nuclei
point of view, are able to take place rather slowly. We can now show
that the classical forces of repulsion of like charges, the Coulomb
Barrier, in a deuteron solid-state condition may approach zero. In this
oscillating sea of deuteron waves tightly confined and influenced by
giant atoms of the surrounding lattice, a pair of deuterons may
approach very closely pushed together as much by the crowd as they push
each other apart. The probability rises of approach near enough for the
strong nuclear force to reach out from the nucleus to bring the pair
together, creating fusion.

The fist miracle of cold fusion, overcoming the Coulomb barrier, is
passed.

Now newly fused the di-deuteron, or excited state helium nucleus, is
holding too much energy and it must lose that energy to become normal
stable helium. In the more familiar classical fusion in plasmas, this
energy loss has to happen for the single new nucleus all by itself, as
it is alone in the chaos of the plasma and not at all part of a
coherent population. In a hot plasma, a collision space environment,
the only path to de-excitation is via the emission of radiation, fast
particles. In the super condensed environment of cold or solid-state
fusion, the new nucleus is a virtually indistinguishable member of a
coherent population and as such, the entire population shares the extra
energy it holds. In this slow low momentum space, the path to
de-excitation is collective sharing of the energy; each member of the
population becomes a little more energetic and as they interact with
the surrounding big atoms that confine them, they each hand off small
amounts of energy over a relatively long time. This is frequently
referred to as phonon coupling. So HOT fusion takes place at high
velocities in collision space and COLD fusion takes place in momentum
space where things happen slowly. Hence, radiation, which is a fast
phenomenon, is nearly perfectly prohibited in solid-state COLD fusion.

Just what we need to satisfy the second required miracle of cold
fusion, no radiation.

So what is next?

Solid-state fusion will usher a new revolution of abundant,
inexhaustible, cheap energy in our world. As easily as we make and use
solid-state electronics technologies today, we will make and use
solid-state fusion energy. These will begin as small energy sources
like those we use to heat a bath, a room, or a home but they will be
suited to assembling in a compound fashion in the same way we have
added more and more solid-state circuits to our electronic devices. The
easiest and earliest technologies are very near, as one Japanese woman
scientist working in this field in the cold northern reaches of
Hokkaido once said..."what I need is hot water for my bath." That
hot water is surely on the way within the next few years. Following it
will come all manner of ways to use the heat of cold solid-state
fusion.

The author Russ George can be reached at and welcomes
your comments and advice on how to make this explanation better.

http://www.d2fusion.com/essay.htm

JohnnyCJohnny: I am not responsible for the content of this article,
so don't take me up on every last point made in it. I'm just posting
it to this newsgroup because of its revelance to the topic of this
newsgroup and to further the understanding of what cold fusion might
actually be.

In article om, JohnnyCJohnny wrote:

[Apparently quoting Russ George, who had until then been consigned to
my "Whatever Happened To. . ." file]

: We know that atoms in metals
: share many electrons contributing to what is known as the electron or
: Fermi Sea. This is why electricity conducts so nicely in metals.

Bzzt. But thanks for playing.

: . . .This is frequently referred to as phonon coupling. So HOT fusion takes
: place at high velocities in collision space and COLD fusion takes place
: in momentum space where things happen slowly. Hence, radiation, which is
: a fast phenomenon, is nearly perfectly prohibited in solid-state COLD fusion.

I'm not normally a profane person, but. . . .

Jesus H. F**king Christ.

: The author Russ George can be reached at and welcomes
: your comments and advice on how to make this explanation better.

He could start by writing an explanation that actually made sense.

Although personally I would prefer his telling us whether or not he
ever did the control experiment that Kirk Shanahan and I suggested to
him quite some time ago.

-----
Richard Schultz
Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
Opinions expressed are mine alone, and not those of Bar-Ilan University
-----
"Apparently, you take me for a complete fool."
"Yeah -- more or less."
Bob & Ray, "Garish Summit"

Cold Fusion... these people claim to have it working using the Koldamasov
Cell

http://www.iesiusa.com/

They are presently demonstrating their process to raise money

This is a test

iESi
41 N. Mojave Rd.
Las Vegas, NV 89101

I'd be weary of trusting anything that comes out of Nevada. I've
dabbled in pennystocks, and Nevada is definitely one of the hot spots
for fraudulent companies pushing questionable schemes. Take anything
this company has to say with a grain of salt.

This is not even a cold fusion claim. They are claiming to be able to
cheaply produce hydrogen from water, using some sort of proprietary
method of obtaining hydrogen that is less complicated and cheaper than
traditional methods. There aren't many details provided. The
information is rather vauge. This company will be worth watching.
But, since they're in Las Vegas, Nevada, they might be more interested
in promoting their stock than in promoting any real new energy
technology. Be careful, there's a lot of snakes out there. I'm not
accusing this company of anything, since I really don't know anything
about them, but new energy technology is a typical pennystock scam and
a lot of Nevada companies have been involved in pennystock scams. So,
there are too red flags associated with this company. Let's see if
they can deliver what they promise.

This is not even a cold fusion claim. They are claiming to be able to
cheaply produce hydrogen from water, using some sort of proprietary
method of obtaining hydrogen that is less complicated and cheaper than
traditional methods. There aren't many details provided. The
information is rather vauge. This company will be worth watching.
But, since they're in Las Vegas, Nevada, they might be more interested
in promoting their stock than in promoting any real new energy
technology. Be careful, there's a lot of snakes out there. I'm not
accusing this company of anything, since I really don't know anything
about them, but new energy technology is a typical pennystock scam and
a lot of Nevada companies have been involved in pennystock scams. So,
there are too red flags associated with this company. Let's see if
they can deliver what they promise.